In Western Europe, a
uvular trill pronunciation of rhotic consonants spread from northern
French to several dialects and
registers of
Basque,
Catalan,
Danish,
Dutch,
German,
Judaeo-Spanish,
Norwegian,
Occitan,
Portuguese,
Swedish, some variants of
Low Saxon, and
Yiddish. However, not all of them remain a uvular trill today. In
Brazilian Portuguese, it is usually a velar fricative (, ),
voiceless uvular fricative , or glottal transition (, ), except in southern Brazil, where alveolar and uvular trills as well as the voiced uvular fricative predominate. Because such uvular
rhotics often do not contrast with alveolar ones, IPA transcriptions may often use to represent them for ease of typesetting. For more information, see
guttural R. note, "There is... a complication in the case of uvular fricatives in that the shape of the vocal tract may be such that the uvula vibrates." It is also present in most
Turkic languages, except for
Turkish, and in
Caucasian languages. It may also occur as . ==See also==