MarketVaccinium
Company Profile

Vaccinium

Vaccinium is a common and widespread genus of shrubs or dwarf shrubs in the heath family (Ericaceae). The fruits of many species are eaten by humans and some are of commercial importance, including the cranberry, blueberry, bilberry (whortleberry), lingonberry (cowberry), and huckleberry. Like many other heath plants, they are restricted to acidic soils.

Description
The plant structure varies between species: some trail along the ground, some are dwarf shrubs, and some are larger shrubs perhaps tall. Some tropical species are epiphytic. Stems are usually woody. Species found in tropical bioregions like Malesia are evergreen. Inflorescences can be axillary or terminal. Roots are commonly mycorrhizal, which likely help the plants to access nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the acidic, nutrient-poor soils they inhabit. ==Taxonomy==
Taxonomy
The genus was first described scientifically by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It is not the same word as Vaccinum, which means "of or pertaining to cows". The taxonomy of the genus is complex and still under investigation. Genetic analyses indicate that the genus Vaccinium is not monophyletic. A number of the Asian species are more closely related to Agapetes than to other Vaccinium species. A second group includes most of Orthaea and Notopora, at least some of Gaylussacia (huckleberry), and a number of species from Vaccinium, such as V. crassifolium. Subgenera '', the common cranberry, one kind of cranberry A classification predating molecular phylogeny divides Vaccinium into subgenera and several sections: ;Subgenus Oxycoccus: The cranberries, with slender, trailing, wiry non-woody shoots and strongly reflexed flower petals. Some botanists treat Oxycoccus as a distinct genus. • Sect. OxycoccusVaccinium macrocarpon – American cranberry • Vaccinium oxycoccos – common cranberry • Vaccinium microcarpum – small bog cranberry • Sect. OxycoccoidesVaccinium erythrocarpum – southern mountain cranberry • Vaccinium japonicum – mountain blueberry ;Subgenus Vaccinium: All the other species, with thicker, upright woody shoots and bell-shaped flowers. • Sect. BatodendronVaccinium arboreum – sparkleberry • Vaccinium crassifolium – creeping blueberry • Sect. BrachyceratiumVaccinium dependens • Sect. BracteataVaccinium acrobracteatumVaccinium barandanumVaccinium bracteatumVaccinium coriaceumVaccinium cornigerumVaccinium cruentumVaccinium hooglandiiVaccinium horizontaleVaccinium laurifoliumVaccinium lucidumVaccinium myrtoidesVaccinium phillyreoidesVaccinium reticulatovenosumVaccinium sparsumVaccinium varingifolium • Sect. CiliataVaccinium ciliatumVaccinium oldhamii - Japanese blueberry • Sect. CinctosandraVaccinium exul • Sect. ConchophyllumVaccinium corymbodendronVaccinium delavayiVaccinium emarginatumVaccinium griffithianumVaccinium moupinense – Himalayan blueberry • Vaccinium neilgherrenseVaccinium nummulariaVaccinium retusum • Sect. Cyanococcus – typical North American blueberriesVaccinium angustifolium – lowbush blueberry - also known as Vaccinium stenophyllumVaccinium boreale – northern blueberry • Vaccinium caesariense – New Jersey blueberry • Vaccinium corymbosum – highbush blueberry • Vaccinium darrowii – evergreen blueberry • Vaccinium elliottii – Elliott's blueberry • Vaccinium formosumVaccinium fuscatum – black highbush blueberry; syn. V. atrococcumVaccinium hirsutumVaccinium myrsinites – evergreen blueberry • Vaccinium myrtilloides – Canadian blueberry • Vaccinium pallidum Ait. – dryland blueberry; syn. V. vacillans Torr. • Vaccinium simulatumVaccinium tenellumVaccinium virgatum – rabbiteye blueberry; syn. V. ashei • Sect. EococcusVaccinium fragile • Sect. EpigyniumVaccinium vacciniaceum • Sect. GaleopetalumVaccinium chuniiVaccinium dunalianumVaccinium glaucoalbumVaccinium sikkimense (may not be treated as a separate species from V. glaucoalbum) • Vaccinium urceolatum • Sect. HemimyrtillusVaccinium arctostaphylosVaccinium cylindraceumVaccinium hirtumVaccinium padifolium – Madeira blueberry • Vaccinium smallii • Sect. KoreanumVaccinium koreanum – Korean blueberry • Sect. Myrtillus (including sect. Macropelma) – bilberries and relatives. Monophyly of this section has been confirmed by matK and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequence data.) • Sect. PyxothamnusVaccinium chihuahuenseVaccinium confertumVaccinium consanguineumVaccinium corymbodendronVaccinium floribundumVaccinium meridionaleVaccinium ovatum Pursh – California huckleberry (or evergreen huckleberry) (coastal western North America). First collected and described for western science by Meriwether Lewis. • Sect. VacciniumVaccinium uliginosum L. – northern (or bog) bilberry (or blueberry); syn. V. occidentale (northern North America and Eurasia) • Sect. Vitis-idaeaVaccinium vitis-idaea L. – partridgeberry, cowberry, redberry, red whortleberry, or lingonberry (northern North America and Eurasia) ==Distribution and habitat==
Distribution and habitat
The genus contains about 450 species, which are found mostly in the cooler areas of the Northern Hemisphere. However, there are tropical species from areas as widely separated as Madagascar and Hawaii. The genus is distributed worldwide except for Australia and Antarctica, but areas of great Vaccinium diversity include the montane regions of North and South America, as well as Southeast Asia. Species are still being discovered in the Andes. Plants of this group typically require acidic soils, and as wild plants, they live in habitats such as heath, bog and acidic woodland (for example, blueberries under oaks or pines). Blueberry plants are commonly found in oak-heath forests in eastern North America. Vaccinium is found in both successional and stable sites, and it is fire-adapted in many regions, withstanding low-intensity burns, and re-sprouting from rhizomes when above-ground tissues are burned off. ==Ecology==
Ecology
Vaccinium species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species. Berries of North American species nourish a variety of mammals and birds, notably including the grizzly bear. == Cultivation ==
Cultivation
, U.S. Blueberries (sect. Cyanococcus) and cranberries (sect. Oxycoccus) are relatively newly cultivated plants and are largely unchanged from their wild relatives. Genetic breeding of blueberries began around the turn of the 20th century. It was spearheaded by Frederick Coville, who performed many cross-breeding trials and produced dozens of new blueberry cultivars. He often tested new cultivars for their flavor, claiming after a long day of tasting that "all blueberries taste the same, and all taste sour." ==See also==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com