He was born at
Karlsruhe. His father, a retired major in the
Baden army, was a civil engineer and member of the commission for regulating the course of the Rhine; his mother,
née Josephine Krederer, the daughter of a prosperous tradesman at
Oberndorf am Neckar, was a woman of great intellectual powers and of a romantic disposition. Young Scheffel was educated at the lyceum at Karlsruhe and afterwards (1843–1847) at the universities of
Munich,
Heidelberg and
Berlin. After passing the state examination for admission to the judicial service, he graduated
Doctor juris and for four years (1848–1852) held an official position at the town of
Säckingen. Here he wrote his epic poem ''
(The Trumpeter of Säckingen'') (1853), a romantic and humorous tale which immediately gained extraordinary popularity. It reached more than 250 editions and was made into an
opera by
Viktor Nessler in 1884. Scheffel next undertook a journey to Italy. Court Garden (
Hortus Palatinus) Returning home in 1853 he found his parents more than ever anxious that he should continue his legal career. But in 1854, defective eyesight incapacitated him; he quit the government service and took up his residence at
Heidelberg, with the intention of preparing himself for a post on the teaching staff of the university. His studies were, however, interrupted by eye disease, and in search of health he travelled to Switzerland and took up residence at
Lake Constance, and elaborated the plan of his famous historical romance
Ekkehard (1855); (Eng. translation by Sofie Delffs, Leipzig, 1872). Part of this work was later used by
Max Bruch as the libretto for his cantata
The Lay of the Norsemen. The first ideas for this work he got from the
Monumenta Germaniae Historica.
Ekkehard was almost as popular than the
Trompeter von Säkkingen. In 1901 it reached the 179th edition. Scheffel next returned to Heidelberg, and published
Gaudeamus, Lieder aus dem Engeren und Weiteren (1868), a collection of joyous and humorous songs, the subject matter of which is taken partly from German legends and partly from historical subjects. In these songs the author shows himself the light-hearted student, a friend of wine and song; and their success is unexampled in German literature and encouraged numerous imitators. One example is "
Im schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon" where the lyrics reflect an endorsement of the
bacchanalian mayhem of student life. The song describes an '
old assyrian'
drinking binge with some references to the
Classics and the large invoice presented in
cuneiform on six brick stones. However the carouser has to admit that he left his money already in an inn in
Nineveh and gets kicked out. In typical manner of Scheffel, it contains an anachronistic mixture of various times and eras and parodistic notions on current science. Scheffel's life was marked by disappointments: the unsuccessful
German revolution of 1848 and his unsuccessful courting of Emma Heim in 1851. He also used natural science to mock the political environment, as he mocked Hegel with his
guano poem or referred to the course of time in his
Ichthyosaurus poem. Indirectly, Scheffel coined the expression '
Biedermeier' for the pre-1848 age, as two of Scheffel poems
Biedermanns Abendgemütlichkeit and
Bummelmaiers Klage, based on the poetry of teacher and poet , published 1848, were used in later satires about the reactionary . for the magazine
Jugend (1902) For two years (1857–1859) Scheffel was custodian of the library of Prince Egon von
Fürstenberg at
Donaueschingen, but giving up his appointment in 1850, visited
Joseph von Laßberg, at
Meersburg at Lake Constance, stayed for a while with
Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, at the
Wartburg in Thuringia, then, settling at Karlsruhe, he married in 1864 Caroline von Malzen, and, in 1872, retired to his Villa Seehalde near
Radolfzell at the lower Lake Constance. On the occasion of his jubilee (1876), which was celebrated all over Germany, he was granted a patent of hereditary nobility by the grand duke of Baden. He died at Karlsruhe on 9 April 1886. == Legacy ==