The day became highly regarded by Serbs after the fourteenth century when the
Battle of Kosovo took place on Saint Vitus Day in 1389. A Serb-led Christian coalition by
Prince Lazar fought the
Ottoman army on the
Kosovo field. Although the battle itself was inconclusive, and both Sultan
Murad and Prince Lazar were slain, it led to the Ottoman conquest of Serbian principalities. After the
Great Migrations of the Serbs in 1690, Vidovdan became a day to honor those who fought in the battle and fell "for their faith and homeland". The holiday was institutionalized by the church in 1849 and politically and publicly first celebrated in 1851 as a representation of the struggle for Serbian freedom from Ottoman subjection. It slowly achieved popularity with the growth of national identities in Europe in the nineteenth century and came to be known as a day of remembrance. After 1918, the Yugoslav government designated Vidovdan as a day of remembrance to honor all those who died in war, particularly those of the
Balkan Wars and
World War I. There are significant events which coincidentally or intentionally occurred on Vidovdan: • Serbian
declaration of war against the Ottoman Empire in 1876 (from 1800 to 1899, Vidovdan was celebrated on 15 June Julian = 27 June Gregorian) • Signing of the
Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881 (on 16 June Julian = 28 June Gregorian, the day after Vidovdan) •
Assassination of the Austro-Hungarian crown prince,
Franz Ferdinand by
Gavrilo Princip in 1914 which triggered the
First World War (Vidovdan is celebrated on 15 June Julian = 28 June Gregorian) • Signing of the
Treaty of Versailles in 1919 • The Serbian King
Alexander I's proclamation of the new 1921
Constitution of the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known thereafter as the
Vidovdan Constitution (
Vidovdanski ustav). • The
Cominform Resolution calling for regime change in Yugoslavia is published in 1948 on Soviet initiative. • On the 600th anniversary of the battle of Kosovo (1989), Serbian leader
Slobodan Milošević delivered the
Gazimestan speech on the site of the battle. This was the first public celebration of Vidovdan since the Yugoslav communist era. • During
Operation Corridor 92, the
VRS took back
Modriča on 28 June 1992. Beginning in the late 19th century, Serbian publications began to appear in Serbian literature promoting the idea that the holiday originated from the Slavic god
Svetovit. The first to put forth such a view was
Natko Nodilo, who attributed the cult of Svetovit to all Slavs, whose worship in Serbia was later deliberately replaced by that of a saint with a similar name. This view was supported by some later researchers. However, it is generally believed that the cult of Svetovit existed only among the
Polabian Slavs and that Vidovdan has nothing to do with this god, and that linking the deity to the holiday is a creation of
romanticism. == References ==