Early history The origin of the Volk Field Combat Readiness Training Center (CRTC) can be traced back to 1888 when the state adjutant general, General Chandler Chapman, purchased a site for a rifle range and offered it to the state for a camp. In 1889 the state legislature authorized the governor to purchase land near the site for a permanent training site to include a dedicated pistol, rifle, and artillery training range for the Wisconsin National Guard. By 1903 the camp had expanded to more than and was used for training by the then reorganized National Guard. In 1917 the site served as a major mobilization and training post for the
32nd Infantry Division which was made up almost exclusively of the Wisconsin and Michigan National Guard prior to its shipping to France as part of World War I. The site was named Camp Williams in 1927 in honor of Lieutenant Colonel Charles R. Williams, the chief quartermaster of the post from 1917 until his death in 1926. Camp Williams grew slowly following the
First World War, but with the development of the airplane, the first hard-surface runways were constructed in 1935 and 1936. During World War II Camp Williams and Volk served as a mobilization and training station for elements of the
32nd Infantry Division which was made up almost exclusively of the Wisconsin and Michigan National Guard. A small graveyard near the front gate contains three burial plots, those of Lt. Col. Charles R. Williams, Camp Williams' namesake; his son, Private Robert W. Williams, who died in France during World War I; and Brigadier General Hugh M. Simonson, Adjutant General of the Wisconsin National Guard from 1977 until 1979. It also contains a memorial marker for Lt. Jerome Volk, for whom the installation was named, as his body was never recovered after being shot down over
North Korea in 1951.
False alarm incident During the
Cuban Missile Crisis, staff at the base were on the lookout for
sabotage operations that might precede any
Soviet nuclear first strike. Around midnight on 25 October 1962, a guard at the
Duluth Sector Direction Center west saw a figure climbing the security fence. He shot at it, and activated the sabotage alarm. This automatically set off similar alarms at all bases in the area. At Volk Field, the alarm was incorrectly wired, and the
klaxon sounded, which ordered
Air Defense Command (ADC) nuclear-armed
F-106A interceptors to take off. The pilots had been told there would be no practice alert drills due to
DEFCON 3 status, and, according to political scientist
Scott D. Sagan, they "fully believed that a nuclear war had just started". Since Volk Field did not have a control tower, its aircraft were dispatched from Duluth. Before the planes were able to take off, the base commander contacted Duluth and learned of the error. An officer in the command center drove his car onto the runway, flashing his lights and signaling to the aircraft to stop. The intruder was later identified as a black bear, instead of the expected Soviet saboteurs. Sagan writes that the incident had raised the possibility of an ADC interceptor
accidentally shooting down a
Strategic Air Command (SAC) bomber. ADC interceptor crews had not been given full information by the SAC of plans to move bombers to dispersal bases (such as Volk Field) or the classified routes flown by bombers on continuous alert as part of
Operation Chrome Dome. Declassified ADC documents later revealed that "the incident led to changes in the alert klaxon system [...] to prevent a recurrence".
Recent history In 1989 the site was re-designated a Combat Readiness Training Center (CRTC). The 128th Air Control Squadron,
Air Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation system (ACMI), Air Base Operability and Ability to Survive and Operate (ATSO) training missions were added in 1991. ==Facilities==