Bancroft was born at
Doncaster, and as a child appeared on the stage with her parents, who were both actors. Although her birth date is usually given as 1839, in fact she was born in 1836; she appeared as a 6-year-old at the
Norwich Theatre on 14 May 1842, reciting a 120-line poem from memory. (In her autobiography Bancroft characteristically took a year off her age, claiming "At the age of five I recited
Collins's
Ode to the Passions".) Among her early parts was that of Fleance in
Macbeth (1846). She made her London début on 15 September 1856, at the
Lyceum Theatre, as the boy Henri in
Belphegor, playing the same night in
Perdita; or, the Royal Milkmaid.
Prince of Wales's Theatre (1865–80) , c. 1870s In April 1865, she began, in partnership with
Henry Byron, the management of the
Prince of Wales's Theatre. For two seasons before her marriage she managed the theatre alone. She secured as a leading actor
Squire Bancroft, whom she had met shortly before in
Liverpool and married in December 1867. Her son Charles Edward Wilton (born 1863) changed his name to Bancroft upon the marriage of his mother to Squire Bancroft. Their sons together were George Louise Pleydell Bancroft (born 1869) and Arthur Hamilton Bancroft (born and died 1870). The Prince of Wales's soon became noted for its series of successful comedies by
T. W. Robertson, namely:
Society (1865),
Ours (1866),
Caste (1867),
Play (1868),
School (1869) and
M. P. (1870). Bancroft regularly took the principal female parts in these pieces, her husband playing the leading man. Together, Robertson and the Bancrofts are considered to have instigated a new form of drama known as 'drawing-room comedy' or 'cup and saucer drama', in which actors perform natural behaviours onstage, such as drinking tea or reading books. The Bancrofts gave Robertson an unprecedented amount of directorial control over the plays, which was a key step to institutionalizing the power that directors wield in the theatre today. The Bancrofts were also responsible for making fashionable the 'box set', which
Lucia Elizabeth Vestris had first used at the
Olympic Theatre in the 1830s – this consisted of rooms on stage which were dressed with sofas, curtains, chairs, and carpets on the stage floor. They also provided their actors with salaries and wardrobes. Also, the Bancrofts redesigned their theatre to suit the increasingly upscale audience: "The cheap benches near the stage, where the rowdiest elements of the audience used to sit were replaced by comfortable padded seats, carpets were laid in the aisles, and the pit was renamed the stalls." Other plays that the Bancrofts produced at the Prince of Wales's Theatre were
Tame Cats (1868),
The School for Scandal (1874),
W. S. Gilbert's
Sweethearts (1874),
The Vicarage (1877), and
Diplomacy (1878, an adaptation of
Victorien Sardou's
Dora). Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft likewise presented at their theatre a number of prominent actors, among them
Hare,
Coghlan, the
Kendals, and
Ellen Terry. In 1879, she reprised a favourite role of hers, Nan, in
John Baldwin Buckstone's
Good for Nothing, in a mixed bill alongside a revival of
Sweethearts, in which she played Jenny Northcott.
Later years In 1879, the Bancrofts moved to the
Haymarket Theatre, a larger house, where they renovated the theatre and reportedly introduced the first use of the electric light on the English stage in 1880. They continued the successful presentation of modern comedy until both retired from management on 20 July 1885, having made a considerable fortune producing theatre. After that, Lady Bancroft rarely appeared onstage. In 1895, her eldest son, Captain Charles Bancroft married Margaret Grimston, a daughter of
Dame Madge Kendal and
William Hunter Kendal. The marriage was later annulled. ==Books==