Wairau Fault

Depending on the precise definition used, the Wairau Fault runs either from southern or northern end of 'The Bends' region. In the former case it is regarded as the Wairau segment of the Alpine Fault which means the Alpine Fault is about long. In the latter case it is regarded as a separate fault and runs about intermittently by lidar It takes its name from the Wairau River, which follows the fault trace for most of its length on land. == Geology ==

The fault follows a valley where Pleistocene and Holocene deposits have been laid down over bedrock during the last two million years and where the river often obscures recent fault traces. with good evidence for multi-segment rupture on many of these events over the last 2000 years. The last rupture that may also have involved the Alpine Fault is about 2000 years ago which does not apply to the other active segments of the Alpine Fault (see timeline). It has been stated that "Co-rupture of the Wairau and Alpine faults during great earthquakes occurs rarely (if at all) on millennial or longer timescales." == Recent seismicity ==

There was an event confined to the coastal and off shore portions of the fault that is poorly constrained in time but is between 970 and 1750 BP, and was about 6 MW. From the offset of dated river terraces a displacement of has been estimated along the Wairau Fault since about 5610 years BP. Trenching studies along the trace of the Wairau Fault have identified four dateable slip events within this interval, the age of latest event now on redating and further trench work at two other locations falls in the range 1930 to 2110 BP and was about 7.4 MW. The average recurrence interval for surface disrupting earthquakes along the land portion of the fault is about 1000 years. The estimated average slip for each land event is about and the maximum is . However it is noted that the offshore fault record extends back 18,000 years and this has a longer recurrence interval of 2200 years, possibly because the fault has been more active in the last 6000 years. == Seismic hazard ==

The recurrence interval of slip events estimated for the fault combined with the estimated time since the last event suggest "that the Wairau Fault is nearing the end of its interseismic period". The current estimated seismic hazard from the Wairau Fault is considered to be relatively high with a current slip rate of up to /year to accommodate. The magnitude of such an earthquake could be up to 7.7 MW. The fault runs alongside State Highway 63 to its end at the township of Renwick and presumably with full rupture would be disruptive to the town of Blenheim which is within of the fault and the port facilities of Picton less than away. == References ==