Bitwarden

Bitwarden uses client-side zero-knowledge encryption, meaning the company cannot see its users' data. This is achieved by end-to-end encrypting data with AES-CBC 256-bit and by using PBKDF2 SHA-256/Argon2id to derive the encryption key. To log in, a user can use an email-address and password combination, biometric authentication, two-factor authentication (2FA), passkey, single sign-on, or passwordless login via notification approval on a mobile/desktop device. Additional client functionality includes: import of data from more than 50 password managers (such as LastPass, 1Password, and Keeper) passkey management; export to JSON, encrypted JSON, and CSV formats; a random password generator; autofill of login and other forms; integration with email alias services; ability to sync across unlimited platforms and devices; storage of an unlimited number of items; and storing a variety of information beyond username-and-password pairs, including passkeys, TOTP seeds, debit and credit card numbers, billing data and other identity information, and secure notes (free-form text). Each item type can be extended by custom fields and file attachments, though these are restricted by file size depending on the subscription plan. A feature called "Send" allows sharing of end-to-end encrypted text messages (free version) and files (paid versions). Any sent item optionally can be set with an expiration date, a maximum access limit, and a password. The Password Checkup tool uses zxcvbn to assess password strength. It detects credential breaches by querying the Have I Been Pwned? database. == Availability ==

The platform hosts multiple client applications, including a web interface, desktop applications, browser extensions, mobile apps, and a command-line interface. Bitwarden can be operated on web interfaces, desktop applications (Windows, MacOS, and Linux), browser extensions (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, Opera, Vivaldi, Arc, Brave and Tor), or mobile apps (Android, iOS, iPadOS and watchOS). The platform also offers a free US or European cloud-hosted synchronisation service, as well as the ability to self-host. == Compliance ==

Bitwarden's codebases of the computer clients, the mobile apps, and the server are open-source. In August 2020, Bitwarden achieved SOC 2 Type 2 and SOC 3 certification. Bitwarden is compliant with HIPAA, GDPR, CCPA, SOC 2, SOC 3, and the EU-US and Swiss–US Privacy Shield frameworks. Security audits Third-party security audits are conducted annually and a vulnerability disclosure program is also established. In July 2020, Bitwarden completed another security audit from security firm Insight Risk Consulting to evaluate the security of the Bitwarden network perimeter as well as penetration testing and vulnerability assessments against Bitwarden web services and applications. In August 2021, Bitwarden announced that network assessment (security assessment and penetration testing) for 2021 had been completed again by Insight Risk Consulting. In February 2023, Bitwarden released network security assessment and security assessment reports that were conducted by Cure53 again in May and October 2022 respectively. The first related to penetration testing and security assessment across Bitwarden IPs, servers, and web applications. The second related to penetration testing and source code audit against all Bitwarden password manager software components, including the core application, browser extension, desktop application, web application, and TypeScript library. Ghacks reported that: == Reception ==

In January 2021, in its first password-protection program comparison, U.S. News & World Report selected Bitwarden as "Best Password Manager". A month later, with Bitwarden competitor LastPass about to remove a feature from its free version, CNet recommended Bitwarden as the best free app for password synchronization across multiple devices, while Lifehacker recommended it as "the best password manager for most people". Reviewers have praised the features offered in the software's free version, and (mostly) the low price of the premium tier compared to other managers. The product was named the best "budget pick" in a Wirecutter password manager comparison. Bitwarden's secure open-source implementation was also praised by reviewers. Bitwarden was highlighted by Süddeutsche Zeitung in its 2025 overview of leading self-hosted password managers as a solution that offers users increased security and full control by allowing the entire vault to be operated on their own server. ==History==

2016–2017 Bitwarden debuted in August 2016 with an initial release of mobile applications for iOS and Android, browser extensions for Chrome and Opera, and a Web-based "vault" (encrypted database). The browser extension for Firefox was later launched in February 2017. The same month, the Brave web browser began including the Bitwarden extension as an optional replacement password manager. In September 2017, Bitwarden launched a bug bounty program at HackerOne. In February, Bitwarden debuted as a stand-alone desktop application for macOS, Linux, and Windows. It was built as a web app variant of the browser extension, built with the Electron framework. The Windows app was released alongside the Bitwarden extension for Microsoft Edge in the Microsoft Store a month later. In May, Bitwarden released a command-line application enabling users to write scripted applications using data from their Bitwarden vaults. In June 2018, following a review, Bitwarden was made available as an optional password manager in the Cliqz browser (discontinued in 2020). 2022 In September 2022, the company announced $100M series B financing; the lead investor was PSG, with the existing investor Battery Ventures participating. The investment would be used to accelerate product development and company growth to support its users and customers worldwide. Passwordless.dev provided an open-source solution allowing developers to easily implement passwordless authentication based on the standards WebAuthn and FIDO2. Bitwarden also launched a beta software service allowing third-party developers the use of biometric sign-in technologies – including Apple's Touch ID and Face ID, and Microsoft's Windows Hello – in their apps. In October of that year, Bitwarden introduced changes to the dependencies of its desktop application to include a restricted-use SDK that may prevent some members of the public from compiling the application from source code, provoking concerns that Bitwarden is moving away from open-source principles. Bitwarden CTO Kyle Spearrin stated in response that it is an issue they plan to resolve, and is "merely a bug". == Security ==

2024 evaluation of password checkup tools A 2024 study by Hutchinson et al. examined the “password checkup” features of 14 password managers, including Bitwarden, using weak, breached, and randomly generated passwords. The authors found that the evaluated products reported weak and compromised passwords inconsistently and sometimes incompletely. No manager successfully flagged all known breached passwords. The study concludes that such inconsistencies may give users a false sense of security. The affected password manager vendors were notified in April 2025. According to Tóth, Bitwarden version 2025.8.2 (August 31, 2025) addressed the issue. == See also ==