Employment and housing A 2005
Smith Institute report on migration noted that income, and employment rates, of "British-born white individuals" and "foreign-born whites" were similar in the United Kingdom, and diverged almost inseparably in comparison with "non-white immigrants". According to the
Social Issues Research Centre, there is still, however, significant diversity within the white populace in terms of income. In 2008, the
Oxford-based institute also reported that whites experienced half the rates of low income households as do ethnic minorities. In 2009, writing for a
Runnymede Trust publication,
University of Iceland researcher Kjartan Sveinsson wrote: Feigning white working-class disadvantage as an ethnic disadvantage rather than as class disadvantage is exactly what rhetorically places this group in direct competition with minority ethnic groups. As such, it does little to address the real and legitimate grievances poor white people in Britain have. Between 2012 and 2013, the
Equality and Human Rights Commission found that white people were far less likely to live in poverty, compared with what the report defined as "Ethnic minority people".
Trades Union Congress research in 2017, which was analyzed by the
Scottish Government, showed that white people had higher rates of general employment and less chance of insecure employment, such as seasonal or agency work, than other racial groups in the Britain. A 2019 study found that on income-related demography,
British Indians are the only census-based ethnic group with similar earnings to white people in the UK. White people in the United Kingdom have the lowest rates of household crowding, with two per cent of the population experiencing it.
Discrimination White people face less discrimination in the United Kingdom than ethnic minorities. For example,
European Network Against Racism notes that white people in the country are around six times less likely than black people, and half as likely as Asians, to be stopped by police. The
British Election Study has defined "white people" in Britain, as part of a poll of 2,049 ethnic minority respondents regarding opinions on equal opportunity in British society. The
Centre for Economic Performance revealed in a 2014 study that "Many white people in the UK feel that social landlords actively discriminate against them in favour of immigrants and ethnic minorities." Analyzing this trend, professor
Alan Manning found "no basis in reality for this perceived discrimination".
Mona Chalabi, a notable
data journalist, writing in 2015, suggested that while racism from white people in the UK has a greater significance than from ethnic minorities; "a lot of other white people in Britain genuinely believe racism affects them too". Journalist
Simon Kelner has stated a similar view, posing the question "Can white people in Britain really feel they're the victims of racism?" In 2016, the
Ministry of Justice issued a report noting that "white people in Britain" were four times less likely to be in prison than
black Britons. In 2017,
HM Inspectorate of Constabulary found by studying
England and Wales data that; "White people in the United Kingdom are more likely to be carrying drugs when stopped by police but less likely to be stopped, compared to black people who are disproportionately searched". Between 2017 and 2018,
Home Office data revealed that
Dorset was the county where police were least likely to question white people in comparison with ethnic minority groups. Whites had around 17 times less chance of being subjected to
Stop and Search. In a 2018
ICM Research poll conducted between 2013 and 2018, 4% of white people in the United Kingdom believed they had been treated like a shoplifter; 9% asked to leave an establishment for what seemed like no good reason; 18% believed they had been unfairly overlooked for a job; 52% felt a stranger was rude or abusive to them. (The results were 47% (treated like shoplifter), 25% (asked to leave), 43% (overlooked for job), and 69% (received abuse), respectively, for members of the
BAME community). A 2019
United Nations Human Rights Council report noted that the
Cabinet Office's Race Disparity Unit had number of findings in relation to racism, including that; "One of the primary discoveries made through the audit had been that ethnic minorities were worse off than white people in the United Kingdom." In 2020, a
CNN and
Savanta ComRes survey revealed that, among many other findings, that around half of white people in the country believed there was a fair representation of ethnic minorities in film and television (while 17 per cent of black British people agreed). Whites were also twice as likely to say they had been treated with respect by
British police. In a 1995 study, sociologist
Jock Young found that of 1000 randomly selected residents of Finsbury Park when asked if they had been stopped by the police over the past year, the
White Irish population was disproportionately affected with 14.3%, in contrast to 12.8% of
Black Caribbean and 5.8% of White British people. The researchers found the Police tactic of 'lurking and larking', whereby constables would wait outside Irish pubs and clubs to make arrests to be to blame for the high statistics, which was labelled a form of 'institutional racism'.
Health 1983 research of
breast cancer rates in
Birmingham, England found that whites in the United Kingdom had significantly higher rates of the disease than black and Asian people who had migrated to the country. The study examined white people who were born in either the UK or
Republic of Ireland. A 1999 study revealed that white people in the country had lower mortality rates from
stroke than black people. In 2007, professor
Andrew Hattersley studied the genomes of whites in the United Kingdom (as well as Finland and Italy), discovering what some researchers described as the first clear genetic link, via the
FTO gene, to
obesity. Presence of the gene beyond that initial subject pool was not yet studied. White people are the most likely racial group to have a form of
atrial fibrillation conditions. The same 2018 data also showed that whites were around half as likely to suffer a
stroke than black people in Britain. Among a number of other disparities, 2019 research demonstrated that whites in Britain were prescribed
antipsychotic drugs (as
dementia treatment) for around 4 weeks less on average than black Britons, placing the latter into an excess of dosage recommendations. Research published in 2022, found that white people in England are more likely to develop cancer than black, mixed and Asian ethnic groups. Overall, compared to the white population, cancer rates were 40% lower in those of mixed-heritage, 38% lower in Asian people and 4% lower in black people. Generally, whites in England and Wales are more likely to die of cancer than their black or Asian counterparts. White people in England are also more likely to have self-harmed than people from the Asian, mixed and black ethnic groups. White people are less likely to die from
COVID-19 than any other racial group in the United Kingdom. White people in the country had half the chance of dying of the virus when compared with
black Britons, while
British Chinese showed similar fatality rates to white people. White males were at just under half the risk of men of
British Bangladeshi and
British Pakistanis ancestry. A British government report confirms that Black and Asian people in Britain had higher death rates amid the COVID-19 pandemic than their white counterparts. Despite the effects of COVID-19, whites in England and Wales have a higher overall
mortality rate than any other ethnicity. Whites in England and Wales have a lower
life expectancy at birth than nearly all other ethnic groups. A 2009 study published in
Ethnicity & Health demonstrated that the
White Irish people self-reported higher rates of poor general health than the
White British populace. This was found to be particularly the case in
Northern Ireland, for those who had designated themselves as White, and with an "Irish" national identity. In 2020, a
UCL study based in
NHS England data, showed that the White Irish group was around 50 per cent less at risk of death from COVID-19 than other
black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups. This was significantly lower than the White British group, which were 12 per cent lower than the average risk for BAME communities.
Voting 2024 2019 2017 2015 2010 == See also ==