Lists of most common surnames in European countries

At the moment, listings for the most common names are unavailable for Albania. However the most common names include the following: • Common names denoting profession. Of these, religious professional names have been particularly widespread, including Hoxha (a Muslim priest, Sunni or Bektashi, with its variant Hoxhaj), Prifti (a Christian priest, Catholic or Orthodox), Shehu (a Bektashi priest) and Dervishi (Bektashi clergy). Bektashi itself is also a common surname. Ironically, Hoxha was the surname of Enver Hoxha, the leader of Communist Albania who banned all religions. There are numerous other professional names which are not as common. Begu also denotes a former ruler and also the surname(s) Gjoni or Gjonaj. • Common names which originated as patrinomials. Common names of this sort include Leka or Lekaj (Alex), Gjoni or Gjonaj (John), Murati (Murad), Mehmeti (Mehmed), Hysi (typically short for Hussein), Gjika/Gjoka (short for Jacob, cf Jake), Marku (Mark), Kola/Kolla/Nikolla (Nicholas), Hasani (Hassan), Kristi/Kristo, Luka (Lucas), Brahimi (Abraham, from Turkish), Sinani, Thanasi (Athanasius), Halili (Halil), and Abazi (Abbas). Albanians of Muslim background often bear Christian last names (denoting former Christian origin), and those with Christian often bear Muslim last names (which many in Northern regions adopted thinking it would lead to better treatment from the Ottoman authorities), although the holders of Bektashi surnames are usually actually of Bektashi background • Common names which originated as place names. May denote former residence, or, if the bearer has a Muslim patrilineal background, that their ancestors ruled the place. Common places used as surnames include Dibra, Laci, Shkodra, Prishtina, Delvina, Koroveshi and Permeti, as well as the famous Frasheri surname of the Frasheri family. Additionally common some names indicate regional origins: Gega/Gegaj (for one of Gheg origin), Tosku/Toskaj (signifying Tosk origin) and Chami (for Cham origin). • Some common names are Northern Albanian clan names that double as place names such as Kelmendi and Shkreli. Other notable clan-origin names include Berisha, Krasniqi and Gashi. These sorts of names are very common in far Northern Albania and in Kosovo. • Colors: of which Kuqi (red) and Bardhi (white) are the most commonly used as surnames. ==Armenia==

:Source: Armenia's Voter List == Austria ==

The forty-one most common surnames in Austria as published in 2006 are shown below beside the approximate percentage of the Austrian population sharing each surname. == Azerbaijan ==

Statistics available for the Belarusian capital of Minsk only: == Belgium ==

Belgium is a European nation composed of three main regions: Flemish Region (Flanders), Walloon Region (Wallonia), and Brussels-Capital Region. Flanders has a Dutch-language tradition, while Wallonia has a French-language tradition. The Brussels-Capital Region is a mix of both Dutch- and French-language influences, with a large influx of foreign names. These different linguistic backgrounds are reflected in differing frequencies of surnames, as shown in the table below. On 31 December 1997 there were 316 295 different surnames in Belgium (total population: 11,521,238). • Note — the following table contains the ten most common surnames in each of the three federal regions as of 1 January 2021. == Bosnia and Herzegovina ==

Bosniaks Serbs The following names are the most common names for Serbs from Bosnia and Herzegovina. == Bulgaria ==

Feminized names included (m. Dimitrov – f. Dimitrova). Figures are from 2018 and provided by the Bulgarian National Statistics Institute. == Croatia ==

Feminized names are included (m. Novák/f. Nováková). Figures are from 2009 and provided by the Czech Ministry of the Interior. == Denmark ==

Nineteen of the twenty most common Danish surnames as of 1 January 2022 are patronymic ending in Norse -sen ('son of'), the only exception being Møller (Miller). Faroe Islands The 20 most common surnames in the Faroe Islands as published in 2017 are shown below beside the number of people of the Faroese population sharing each surname. == Estonia ==

Data from 2008. Names of Estonian origin: Names of Russian origin: == Finland ==

Most of the names on this list are typical examples of surnames that were adopted when modern surnames were introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the romantic spirit, they refer to natural features: 'river', 'rapids', 'hill', 'lake', 'island' — often with the suffix -nen added after the model of older, mainly eastern Finnish surnames such as Korhonen and Heikkinen. Hämäläinen literally means 'an inhabitant of Häme'. The suffix -nen is an adjective ending. Most common Swedish surnames in Finland == France ==

Between the 11th and 14th centuries, when family names became mandatory and started to be fixed, it happened to shorten patronyms into family names, and was customary to surname orphans according the name of the saint of the current day in the calendar. Because Saint-Martin was the Saint of charity, he was also more often used to name children. == Georgia ==

The majority of Greek names are patronymic. There are also several names derived from professions (Samaras, 'saddle maker', Papoutsis, 'shoe maker'), area of (former) residence (Kritikos, 'from Crete', Aivaliotis, 'from Ayvalık'), nicknames relating to physical or other characteristics (Kontos, 'short', Mytaras, 'large-nosed', Koufos, 'deaf') and more. The patronymic suffix varies between dialects; thus Giannidis, Giannakos, Giannatos, Giannopoulos, Giannelis, Giannioglou all mean 'son of Giannis'. == Hungary ==

As of 2011, 2,095,788 individuals (21% of the population) bear the most common 20 names, and 3,347,493 individuals (33.5%) bearing the top 100 names. == Iceland ==

While the vast majority of Icelanders do not use regular surnames but rather patronyms or matronyms, around 4% of Icelanders have proper surnames. See also Icelandic names. The 20 most common surnames in Iceland as published in 2017 are shown below beside the number of people of the Icelandic population sharing each surname. == Ireland ==

The prevalence of some of these names is the result of more than one distinct Irish language names being represented by the same anglicised version. Names starting with O' and Mac/Mc were originally patronymic. Of the names above, with the exception of Smith and Walsh, all originally began with O' or Mac/Mc but many have lost this prefix over time. Mac/Mc, meaning Son, and Ó, meaning Little (or Descendant), are used by sons born into the family. In the case of a daughter being born into the family she would use Ní/Nic, for example Ó Muireadhaigh becomes Ní Mhuireadhaigh. A woman who marries into the family and takes her husband's name uses Uí/Mic- e.g. Uí Mhuireadhaigh. == Italy ==

From Mappa dei Cognomi website. ==Kazakhstan==

Provided here is a list of the 33 most common surnames in Kazakhstan according to the Ministry of Justice of Kazakhstan as of 2014. • List of the most popular surnames of Kazakhs of Kazakhstan == Kosovo ==

These statistics are based on the Kosovo Agency of Statistics report on names and surnames in Kosovo, which took place in 2017. == Latvia ==

; Latvian surnames == Lithuania ==