William Calvin Chase

Chase was born to free African-American parents in Washington, D.C. on February 2, 1854. He had five siblings. His Maryland-born father, William H. Chase, an expert blacksmith, was shot and killed in his shop in 1863. Before his father's death, William attended the private school of John F. Cook. Thereafter, young Chase was raised by his Virginia-born mother, Lucinda Seaton. He was forced to leave school and began to sell newspapers, and he became known among many newspaper offices in Washington. At age eleven he was hired to sell hats for Holley & Brother in Methuen, Massachusetts, where he attended more school. He soon moved back to Washington and returned to work as a newsboy. He left public schools and entered the Howard University Model School, "B" class and then went to Howard University. A boy during the administration of Abraham Lincoln, he became a lifelong member of the Republican Party. Chase married Arabella McCabe on January 28, 1886, and the couple had a son, William Calvin, Jr. and Beatriz, both of whom eventually worked at the Bee. == Public life and career ==

As a student at Howard, he also worked as a clerk in the government printing office. He held that position for two years, when he was passed over for a position because he was black. He left the office and filed charges against the public printer, Almon M. Clapp. but the pair eventually reconciled and became close friends. Chase then was a writer at the Argus edited by Charles N. Otey. When Otey retired, Chase was made editor and G. W. Graham the papers business manager. Graham changed its name to the Free Lance but Chase was chased out when the paper was sold to a group whom Chase had criticized. As editor Chase's 1882–1921 editorial leadership of the Washington Bee was "superb ... [and] eventually turned the Bee into one of the most influential African American newspapers in the country." Libel conviction In 1895, Chase published information in The Washington Bee about the misdoings of C. H. J. Taylor, appointed by President Grover Cleveland as the recorder of deeds for Washington, D.C. Taylor sued Chase for libel. Chase argued that information about the character of a public officer was relevant to the public. When instructing the jury, the judge stated: In addressing Chase's motives, the judge said that only the president could remove Taylor from his appointed office. The jury convicted Chase of libel, and the judge sentenced him to three months in jail. From jail, Chase petitioned Cleveland for executive clemency, which Cleveland denied. Dispute with R. W. Thompson Chase was not always fond of R. W. Thompson. In 1909 Thompson founded the National Negro Press Association. In 1910, Chase attacked the organization, calling it "fake" and, writing in the Washington Bee, called Thompson "an editor without a paper", to which Thompson replied from the Indianapolis Freeman that Chase's Bee was "a paper without an editor". Thompson and Chase later reconciled. At the time of Thompson's death, Chase supported Thompson and his daughter in a bitter battle to remove Roscoe Conkling Bruce from his position as assistant superintendent of DC schools in charge of colored schools. ==Later life==

As a 1912 Republican National Convention delegate, Chase helped renominate William Howard Taft as the Republican candidate for president. His support was not successful, as the Southern-born Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson was elected. Wilson's entry into the White House marked the extension of Redeemer policy to Washington, D.C. and the federal government, with the new administration ruthlessly re-segregating Washington offices and other places of life and work. This harmed Chase's subscriber base, and the newspaper's financial troubles continued and worsened. ==Death and honors==

Chase attempted to respond to these dismal trends by building an editorial alliance with the newly formed National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). His time as a second-wave civil rights activist was, however, short. On January 3, 1921 Chase died of a heart attack. The struggling newspaper survived him by little more than a year. ==Further study==

A scholarly biography of Chase, Honey for Friends, Stings for Enemies, appeared in 1973. Published by the University of Pennsylvania Press, the examination of the fighting editor's life is an expanded Ph.D dissertation. A second dissertation, which also focuses closely on Chase's life, work, and standing in Washington, D.C., is Marya Annette McQuirter's Claiming the City: African Americans, Urbanization and Leisure in Washington, D.C., 1902–1954 (2000). ==References==