William Grainge

Castiles On Monday 2 December 1895, soon after William Grainge died, the Harrogate Field Naturalists' and Camera Club met to hear a lecture by their past president, Yorkshire naturalist John Farrah (1849–1907), about the man's life and career. Farrah said that although Grainge was born at Dishforth on 25 January 1818 his parents (farmer Thomas Grainge (c.1771 – Stokesley 1841 or 1845) and Elizabeth Chapman (Hutton Rudby c.1778 – Ripon 1867)) had taken over the family property, Castiles Farm near Kirkby Malzeard, by the following March. Grainge was the youngest heir of that family, and Castiles was where he grew up, and where his once-yeoman family had farmed for three centuries. Grainge attended Kirkby Malzeard village school, leaving at age 12 to work on the farm for fifteen years. He was otherwise self-taught. While working "he employed every moment of his leisure time gathering scientific knowledge". He would carry pocket volumes of ''Dove's Classics''; "when those around him rested or slept, he read". Although Grainge had left Hirst & Capes, he remained able to act in a legal capacity. In 1886 he was granted letters of administration in respect of the will of Isabella Mason (died 1885) and Isabella's sister Jane Deighton. Death Grainge died in number 12 Chapel Street, Harrogate, on 29 September 1895. "For a month previous he had been confined to the house, but the glorious sunshine tempted him out. During the day he continued to feel better, but after returning at night his heart failed, and he passed away peacefully." He was buried in Grove Road Cemetery, Harrogate. ==Character==

Grainge was a practical and outdoor antiquarian and naturalist, and took John Farrah under his wing as a student and assistant: an amateur botanist, a "great Yorkshire character", and chairman of Yorkshire Naturalists' Union in 1906. He said that he knew Grainge, "better than anyone else, even better than the members of [Grainge's] family in a scientific sense". They first met when Farrah was a boy, purchasing books from his bookshop. The regular April–September Sunday walks taken by Grainge and Farrah began in 1873, when Farrah was about twenty-four years old, and Grainge was fifty-five. An average walk would be a round trip. The painting was presented to Harrogate Field Naturalists' and Camera Club in the late 1890s by John Farrah. File:Harlow Moor 1916.jpg|Grainge and Farrah used to walk via Harlow Moor ... File:Birk Crag 1940s.jpg|... to Birk Crag ==Archaeology and research==

Castiles, Grainge's family farm, is an archaeological site. Farrah described it thus in 1895: today's archaeologists see it differently. It is now known as Cast Hills settlement, which extends beneath Castiles farm house and beneath the buildings across the road to the south of it. It also extends to the south and to the north-east of those buildings. Heritage Gateway describes it as an Iron Age settlement which is protective, but not defensive. The site is now damaged, but it had a "central circular rampart of stone surrounded by a large irregular area, enclosed by a trench". There is no public access, but "25 earthfast boulders and a boundary ditch" can be seen over the wall near Castiles farm house, from the Laverton–Pateley Bridge road. It is possible that Grainge mistook a settlement with a rampart for a military camp, however just under to the west of Castiles is Fortress Dyke, described as "a probable Iron Age/Romano-British square enclosure surviving as an earthwork", and Farrah - a naturalist, not an antiquarian - may have conflated the two sites. Grainge is likely to have visited Fortress Dyke, because while at Castiles "alone he explored all the valleys, woods, glens and ravines within half-a-dozen miles of his home". ==Poetry==

From 1834 when he was sixteen, Grainge's poetry was published anonymously in York and Leeds newspapers. The verses covered a variety of subjects. He produced "about two hundred pieces of poetry" in all. ==Local influence==

When the Leeds Corporation Waterworks was under construction in the Washburn Valley, local property owners sued Leeds Corporation for damages following a landslip at Fewston. However, Grainge's History of the Forest of Knaresborough "showed conclusively that landslips occurred in the neighbourhood long before operations were commenced in connection with the Leeds waterworks", and that won the case for Leeds Corporation. ==Obituaries==

Grainge's obituary in the Globe said: The West Somerset Free Press said: J.H. Lofthouse, the president of the Harrogate Field Naturalists' and Camera Club, said that, Like many other men of genius, Mr Grainge was very little known, and, he was afraid, very little appreciated by the people of Harrogate and district. Men of genius who happened to be in humble circumstances very seldom were appreciated until it was too late for that appreciation to be any benefit to them. He thought that future generations would probably appreciate Mr. Grainge's efforts more than the present one. ==Selected works==

History • "On the tumuli at North Deighton", "A visit to Claro Hill" and "A visit to Aldborough, the Roman Isubrigantum", in John Burniston's magazine Northern Summary (Knaresborough, 1849). • The Castles and Abbeys of Yorkshire: a historical and descriptive account of the most celebrated ruins in the county (1855). • An Historic and Descriptive account of Swinsty Hall (1857). • Vale of Mowbray: a historical and topographical account of Thirsk and its neighbourhood (1859). • Guide to Harrogate (1860). • Memoir of Sir William Slingsby (1862). • ''The Tourist's Guide to Brimham Rocks'' (1863). • Geology of Harrogate (1864). • Three Wonderful Yorkshire Characters: namely, Henry Jenkins, Blind Jack i.e. John Metcalf of Knaresborough and Peg Wharton (1864). • Yorkshire Longevity : or, records and biographical anecdotes of persons who have attained to extreme old age within the County (1864). • A History of Knaresborough (1865). • The Scottish Pedlar (a legend) (1866). • Swinsty Hall: its History etc. (1867). • ''Rambles on Rombald's Moor'' (1868). • History and Topography of Harrogate and the Forest of Knaresborough (1871, 1873). • Annals of a Yorkshire Abbey: A Popular History of the Famous Monastery of Fountains (1880). • Ripon Millenary, a Record of the Festival. Also a history of the city, arranged under its wakemen and mayors from the year 1400 (1892). • Geology of Harrogate (1895). • History & Topography of Little Timble, Great Timble & Snowden (1895). (Published on Grainge's last birthday, 25 January 1895). • Demonologia : A Discourse on Witchcraft as It Was Acted in the Family of Mr. Edward Fairfax (1882). • Sixpenny Book of Views of Harrogate and District (before 1893). Poets and poetry • The Poets and Poetry of Yorkshire. Comprising Biographical Notices of the Most Eminent Poets, Natives of the County of York. with Extracts from Their Writings, Etc. (two volumes, 1868). Other works Besides the above publications, Grainge left a number of manuscripts and lecture-notes, and partial histories of villages of the North Riding of Yorkshire. Some of these were published in the Leeds Mercury, Yorkshire Post, Harrogate Advertiser and Harrogate Herald under the name of "Forester". ==Reviews==

• "Of Memoir of the Life of William Slingsby, Knt, Discoverer of the First Spa at Harrogate: [Grainge] shows that "the date of this discovery", which, "is generally fixed in 1576", is "probably twenty or more years too early, as at that time Slingsby would only be fourteen years of age, and could not have travelled much in Germany or elsewhere". Sir William's discovery, as Mr. Grainge expresses it, "has been the means of converting the uncultivated, unpeopled wilderness into a large and elegant town, the permanent abode of nearly 5,000 inhabitants, and annually, during the summer months, the resort of at least 20,000 more; adorned with pump-rooms, churches, elegant villas, sumptuous hotels, and long streets of substantial dwellings"". (Bury Times 1862). • Of The History and Topography of Harrogate and the Forest of Knaresborough: "The district of which this volume treats was formerly known as the Royal Forest of Knaresborough, and of which no previous history can be said to exist. In this work a detailed account is given of each place, from the earliest known times to the present day, chiefly derived from materials never before published. Pedigrees are given of the principal landowners in the district – both ancient and modern; and pains have been taken to collect notices of eminent individuals and families connected with the district, some of which have been little known to the public. Besides what may be termed as the political, civil and ecclesiastical history of the district, sketches of the physical history and geology are given, principally derived from the author's personal observations, made during the last ten years".{Knaresborough Post, 1873) • Of the Demonologia: "Extraordinary as it may appear, considering the ability and reputation of the writer – the nature of the subject – the eager curiosity of mankind for the wonderful, and apparently supernatural – and the length of time which has elapsed since this treatise was written – this is the first time that this work of the learned translator of Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered has been fairly offered to the general public, the previous publication being only for the members of "The Philbiblion Society". To the students of human nature this work cannot fail to be highly interesting, as it gives the most minute and graphic account from day to day of the symptoms of witchcraft that has ever been written thus giving a clear insight into the most singular piece of credulity that ever afflicted the human race. The author at the same time, in language pure and simple, gives us a faithful picture of the mode of life, manners and customs of the lower order of gentry of that period, in England such as can hardly be found elsewhere." (Quoted from: Pateley Bridge and Nidderdale Herald, 1882). ==Notes==