The earliest known instance of standing on the wing of a powered aircraft was an experimental flight in England involving a biplane built by Colonel
Samuel Franklin Cody on 14 January 1911. At Laffan's Plain, Cody took his two stepsons for a flight, with them standing on the lower wing. In August 1913, Commandant Felix locked the controls of his "Nieuport-Dunne" biplane over France and climbed out along the lower wing, leaving the plane to fly itself. An early wing walker who performed daring stunts was American
Ormer Locklear. In November 1918, Locklear performed at Barron Field, Texas, with the first public performance of his daredevil wing-walking stunts. Wing walking was seen as an extreme form of
barnstorming, and wing walkers would regularly take up the challenge of outdoing one another. They admitted (or rather proclaimed proudly) that the point of their trade was to make money on the audience's prospect of seeing someone risk death. Among the many aerialists to become popular were Tiny Broderick,
Gladys Ingle, Eddie Angel, Virginia Angel, Mayme Carson,
Clyde Pangborn,
Lillian Boyer, Jack Shack, Al Wilson, Fronty Nichols,
Spider Matlock,
Gladys Roy, Ivan Unger, Jessie Woods, Bonnie Rowe, Charles Lindbergh, and Mabel Cody (niece of Buffalo Bill Cody, no relation to S.F. Cody). Eight wing walkers died in a relatively short period during the infancy of wing walking. Variations on wing walking became common, with such stunts as doing handstands, hanging by one's teeth, and transferring from one plane to another. A 1931 article on wing-walking on inverted aircraft touted the practical aspect of performing inflight landing-gear inspection or maintenance. Eventually wing walkers began making transfers between a ground vehicle, such as a car, a boat, or a train, to the plane. Other variations included free-falls ending with a last-minute parachute opening.
Charles Lindbergh, whose career in flight began with wing walking, was well known for stunts involving parachutes. The first African-American woman granted an international pilot license,
Bessie Coleman, also engaged in stunts using parachutes. Eighteen-year-old
Elrey Borge Jeppesen, known today for having developed air navigation manuals and charts, joined
Tex Rankin's Flying Circus around 1925; one of his jobs was wing walking. When the
stock market crash of 1929 occurred, many prominent flying circuses such as the
Gates Flying Circus folded. ==Modern practice==