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Ernst Linder

Ernst Linder was a Swedish-Finnish military officer and accomplished equestrian. He began his military career in Sweden, becoming a second lieutenant in the Life Guards of Horse in 1889. He trained extensively in Sweden and Germany, attending the Swedish Infantry Gunnery School, the Military Riding Institute in Hanover, and the Royal Swedish Army Staff College. He served as a military attaché in Paris and London (1909–1911), during which he promoted aviation by establishing Sweden's first aviation prize. Linder held key leadership positions in the Swedish Army, including chief of the Army Riding and Horse-Driving School, and rose to major general in the reserve by 1927.

Early life
Linder was born on 25 April 1868 at Åminne in Pohja, Uusimaa Province, Finland, the son of the landowner, politician and writer (1838–1868) and the philanthropist and donor (1846–1915). Linder's father, a liberal and politically active member of the Diet of Finland of 1863/64 and 1867, died a few weeks after his son's birth; he had contracted typhus while helping those affected by the severe crop failure of the 1867 famine, who had gone south in large numbers. In 1872, Linder's mother remarried to the consul and donor . ==Career==
Career
Early military career Linder became a second lieutenant in the Life Guards of Horse in 1889. He attended the Swedish Infantry Gunnery School in 1893 and the in Hanover, Germany from 1893 to 1895. He attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1900 to 1902 and served as a General Staff aspirant from 1903 to 1905. He later participated in the Tampere operation, liberating Pori and Rauma and occupying the entire Pori railway line. Subsequently, he became commander of the Savo Group, taking Kotka and Hamina. After the fall of Tampere, Linder was promoted to Finnish major general. He remained in the Finnish Army until 1920 and served as inspector to the Regent of Finland in 1919. He was master of the Stockholm Cross Country Riding Club from 1896 to 1900, secretary of the from 1905 to 1907, member from 1908 and vice chairman from 1933 to 1943. He was an honorary member of the Stockholm Cross Country Riding Club (from 1918), the Stockholm Racing Society (Stockholms kapplöpningssällskap) (member from 1915, vice chairman 1931-33, honorary member from 1930), the Finnish Equestrian Federation, and the Danish Astronautical Society, among others. Civil aviation contributions During his time as a military attaché, Linder recognized the future importance of aviation for transportation and warfare. He established the first Swedish aviation prize in 1910 (for the Öresund flight). He was a co-founder and long-term chairman of AB Aerotransport (ABA). He also initiated and led the Nordic Finland Week in Stockholm in 1925 and served as chairman of the Sweden-Finland Society (Samfundet Sverige-Finland) from 1920 to 1943. Winter War (1939–1940) At the outbreak of the Winter War in 1939, Linder, who had been promoted to Finnish lieutenant general in 1938, resigned from the Swedish Army reserve and entered active Finnish service as commander of the Swedish Volunteer Corps in northern Finland. His headquarters were first in Tornio and later in Rovaniemi. At the end of February 1940, he became commander of the Lapland Operational Area, covering northern Finland above Oulu. After the end of the war, he was appointed Finnish general of cavalry. Publications Linder authored detailed accounts of the Finnish Civil War and the Winter War, which are valuable historical sources due to their thorough documentation: ''From Finland's Freedom War (1920), After Sixteen Years: A Retrospective on My Participation in Finland's Freedom War (1935), On Finland’s Second Freedom War (brochure, 1942). He also wrote on equestrian and military topics, including: Study Trips to Foreign Riding Schools 1913 (1920) and On the Cavalry: Some War Experiences'' (1930). Additionally, he published numerous articles on military, equestrian, and political subjects, especially regarding Finland and Finland–Sweden relations. ==Personal life==
Personal life
Enrst Linder was married three times: • 1) Married 30 August 1894 (–1905) at Toppeladugård Castle, Genarp, Malmöhus County, to Baroness Augusta Wrangel von Brehmer, born 22 April 1874 there, died 25 April 1910 in Stockholm, Hedvig Eleonora Parish, daughter of the Hovjägmästare Baron and Ingrid Charlotta Christopherson. • 2) Married 13 September 1905 in Stockholm, , to Baroness Märta Johanna Fredrika Cederström, born 13 November 1873 at Lövsta, , Uppsala County, died 15 July 1925 in Djursholm, daughter of Lieutenant Baron Claes Edvard Cederström and Baroness Märta Leijonhufvud, and previously married to Chamberlain Baron . • 3) Married 6 May 1927 in Stockholm, (banns in , Stockholm) to Ylva Wiveka Trolle, born 26 August 1892 at Klågerup Castle, Hyby, Malmöhus County, died 6 October 1974 in Stockholm, Oscar Parish, daughter of the Överhovjägmästare Baron and Baroness Anna Eleonora Sofia Leijonhufvud, and previously married to Commander Erik Valdemar Hermansson Wrangel. ==Death==
Death
Linder died on 14 September 1943 at the in Stockholm, Sweden. The funeral service took place on 20 September 1943 in Engelbrekt Church in Östermalm in Stockholm, after which the cremation took place in the Northern Crematorium. He was interred on 2 October 1943 at Norra begravningsplatsen in Solna. ==Dates of rank==
Dates of rank
Linder's ranks: Sweden • 8 November 1889 – Underlöjtnant • 27 February 1895 – Lieutenant • 6 October 1905 – Ryttmästare • 27 August 1912 – Major • 23 October 1915 – Lieutenant colonel • 5 February 1918 – Colonel • 14 January 1927 – Major general (reserve) Finland • 6 April 1918 – Major general • 25 April 1938 – Lieutenant general • 1940 – General of the Cavalry ==Awards and decorations==
Awards and decorations
Swedish • Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Sword (16 September 1928) • Knight of the Order of the Sword (1910) • Knight of the Order of Saint John in Sweden (between 1921 and 1925) Foreign • Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (between 1925 and 1928) • Commander 1st Class of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (between 1918 and 1921) • 1st Class with star and swords of the Order of the Cross of Liberty (between 1921 and 1925) • Officer of the Order of Agricultural Merit (before 1915) • Officer of the Order of Franz Joseph (before 1915) • 1st Class of the Military Cross (before 1915) • 2nd Class of the Order of Merit (between 1915 and 1918) • Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog (before 1915) • Knight of the Legion of Honour (before 1915) • 2nd Class of the Iron Cross • Knight 3rd Class of the Order of the Crown (before 1915) • Knight of the Order of Saint John (between 1918 and 1921) ==Honours==
Honours
• Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences (1927) ==Bibliography==
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