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Zaum

Zaum are the linguistic experiments in sound symbolism and language creation of Russian Cubo-Futurist poets such as Velimir Khlebnikov and Aleksei Kruchenykh. Zaum is a non-referential phonetic entity with its own ontology. The language consists of neologisms that mean nothing. Zaum is a language organized through phonetic analogy and rhythm. Zaum literature cannot contain any onomatopoeia or psychopathological states.

Usage
Aleksei Kruchenykh created Zaum in order to show that language was indefinite and indeterminate. Rea Nikonova started creating Zaum verses probably a bit later, around 1964. Their Zaum poetry can be seen in issues of the famous "Transponans" samizdat magazine. In 1990, contemporary avant-garde poet Sergei Biriukov has founded an association of poets called the "Academy of Zaum" in Tambov. == Etymology and meaning ==
Etymology and meaning
Coined by Kruchenykh in 1913, the word or is made up of the Russian prefix "beyond, behind" and noun "the mind, " and has been translated as "transreason", "transration" or "beyonsense." According to scholar Gerald Janecek, can be defined as experimental poetic language characterized by indeterminacy in meaning. Kruchenykh, in "Declaration of the Word as Such (1913)", declares "a language which does not have any definite meaning, a transrational language" that "allows for fuller expression" whereas, he maintains, the common language of everyday speech "binds". He further maintained, in "Declaration of Transrational Language (1921)", that "can provide a universal poetic language, born organically, and not artificially, like Esperanto." == Major zaumniks ==
Major zaumniks
• Linguist and anthropologist Roman JakobsonVelimir KhlebnikovAleksei KruchenykhIlia ZdanevichIgor Terentev • Aleksandr Tufanov • Alexander VvedenskyKazimir MalevichOlga RozanovaVarvara Stepanova ==Notes==
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