January–March •
January 27 – The 8th Parliament of King Henry IV of England is opened, with
Thomas Chaucer as Speaker of the House of Commons. •
January 31 –
Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter becomes the new
Lord Chancellor of England. •
February 26 – A
papal bull is issued from
Avignon by the
Antipope Benedict XIII for
Joan Gilabert Jofré to create the
Hospital dels Ignoscents, the world's first hospital for the treatment of mental illness. •
March 25 – The first of the
Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols is launched by the Emperor Cheng Zu, as at least 100,000 soldiers depart from
Beijing on a mission to depose
Öljei Temür Khan. •
March 29 – The
Aragonese capture
Oristano, capital of the
Giudicato di Arborea in
Sardinia.
April–June •
April 15 – At the wedding in
Gien of
Charles, Duke of Orléans to
Bonne of Armagnac, the most powerful nobles of France form the League of Gien, joining forces to fight the
Duke of Burgundy,
John the Fearless, beginning
a civil war that will last for 30 years. •
May 9 – The English Parliament closes its session for the year, and
royal assent is given by King Henry IV to various acts, including the Sealing of Cloths Act 1409 and the Unlawful Games Act. •
May 17 – At Pisa, Cardinal Baldasare Cossa is elected by members of the
Council of Pisa as the successor to the "
antipope"
Alexander V, who had died on
May 4. On
May 25, Cossa takes the name "
John XXIII", a name that will be used more than 500 years later in
1958 when Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli is crowned as
Pope John XXIII. •
May 18 – The death of
Rupert, King of the Romans,
Elector of Palatine and ruler of Germany, creates a conflict over who will be the successor to the German throne. Rupert's son becomes the new
Louis III, Elector Palatine as Ludwig III. •
May 19 – During his
campaign against the Eastern Mongols, China's
Emperor Cheng Zu stops with his troops at Minluanshu and orders the carving of an inscription on rocks at the north bank of the
Kerulen river, declaring "In the eighth year of the Yongle geng yin, fourth month ding you, sixteenth day ren zi, the Emperor of the Great Ming passed here with six armies during the punitive expedition against the barbarian robbers." •
May 31 –
King Martin I of Aragon (who is also King Martin II of Sicily) dies at the age of 53, leaving a question of who his successor will be, and five contenders for the thrones of both nations argue until the crown is awarded to Martin's nephew,
Ferdiand, in 1412. •
June 15 – • At the
Onon River, the Chinese Army, under the command of the Emperor Cheng Zu, annihilates the Mongol forces of the
Khagan Öljei Temür Khan, also known as Bunyashiri. The Khagan escapes and the Chinese troops pursue
Arughtai,
chingsang of another branch of the
Northern Yuan.
July–September •
July 11 –
Ottoman Interregnum:
Süleyman Çelebi defeats his brother
Musa Çelebi outside the Ottoman capital,
Edirne. •
July 15 –
Battle of Grunwald (Žalgiris), also known as Battle of
Tannenberg:
Polish and
Lithuanian forces under cousins
Jogaila and
Vytautas the Great decisively defeat the forces of the
Teutonic Knights, whose power is broken. •
July 26 – The
Siege of Marienburg (now
Malbork in
Poland), capital of the
State of the Teutonic Order of the Teutonic Knights, begins with an attack by Poland and Lithuania with an army of 26,000 men against less than 5,000 Teutons. •
August 29 – The
Duchy of Pomerania-Stargard is submitted by
Bogislaw VIII, the Duke of Pomerania, to become a
fiefdom within the
Kingdom of Poland, led by
King Wladyslaw II. In return, Bogislaw receives
Lauenburg and Bütow Land as well as
Człuchów,
Biały Bór,
Debrzno,
Świdwin and
Czarne. •
September 16 – After a siege of almost four months, the Muslim city of
Antequera, located in what is now
Andalusia in
Spain, surrenders to the Crown of Castile and its army, commanded by
Prince Ferdinand of Aragon. •
September 19 – After nearly two months of no progress against the defending Teutonic Knights, and the dissatisfaction of the Lithuanians and Poles in continuing a long-term conflict, the siege of Marienburg is lifted.
October–December •
October 1 – A different set of electors—
Friedrich III. von Saarwerden, Elector of Cologne; Johann II von Nassau,
Elector of Mainz and
Rudolf III, Elector of Saxony elects
Jobst of Moravia as their choice for the King of the Romans. The conflict will remain unresolved for another four years. •
October 10 – The Polish-Lithuanian alliance defeats the Teutonic Knights in the
Battle of Koronowo. •
October 10 –
Euthymius II becomes the new
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church among Christians, after the death in August of the
Patriarch Matthew I. •
November – For his services during the defense of
Marienburg and Prussia,
Heinrich von Plauen is chosen as the 27th Grand Master of the
Teutonic Order. •
November 2 – A temporary halt to the
Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War in
France is reached with the signing of a truce at
Bicêtre, near
Paris. •
December 10 – The Teutonic Council, led by the Grand Master
Heinrich von Plauen, and King Jogalia of Poland and Duke of Lithuania enter into a 32-day truce. == Births ==