17th United States Congress

• March 5, 1821: Second inauguration of James Monroe as President of the United States. • July 10, 1821: In accordance with the terms of the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty, sovereignty over Spanish Florida is officially transferred to the United States from Spain. • December 3–4, 1821: The election for the House speakership takes 12 ballots. ==Major legislation==

== States admitted and territories organized ==

• August 10, 1821: Missouri was admitted as the 24th U.S. state • March 30, 1822: Florida Territory was formed from the lands ceded by Spain known by the name East and West Florida ==Party summary==

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. Senate During this congress, two Senate seats were added for the new state of Missouri. House of Representatives For the beginning of this congress, six seats from Massachusetts were reapportioned to the new state of Maine (one seat had already moved during the previous congress), . During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Missouri, . ==Leadership==

Senate • President: Daniel D. Tompkins (DR) • President pro tempore: John Gaillard (DR), elected December 3, 1821 House of Representatives • Speaker: Philip P. Barbour (DR), elected December 4, 1821, on the 12th ballot ==Members==

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district. :Skip to House of Representatives, below Senate Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1826; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1822; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1824. ==== Alabama ==== : 2. William R. King (DR) : 3. John W. Walker (DR), until December 12, 1822 :: William Kelly (DR), from December 12, 1822 ==== Connecticut ==== : 1. Elijah Boardman (DR) : 3. James Lanman (DR) ==== Delaware ==== : 1. Caesar A. Rodney (DR), January 24, 1822 – January 29, 1823, vacant for remainder of term : 2. Nicholas Van Dyke (F) ==== Georgia ==== : 2. Freeman Walker (DR), until August 6, 1821 :: Nicholas Ware (DR), from November 10, 1821 : 3. John Elliott (DR) ==== Illinois ==== : 2. Jesse B. Thomas (DR) : 3. Ninian Edwards (DR) ==== Indiana ==== : 1. James Noble (DR) : 3. Waller Taylor (DR) ==== Kentucky ==== : 2. Richard M. Johnson (DR) : 3. Isham Talbot (DR) ==== Louisiana ==== : 2. Henry Johnson (DR) : 3. James Brown (DR) ==== Maine ==== : 1. John Holmes (DR) : 2. John Chandler (DR) ==== Maryland ==== : 1. William Pinkney (DR), until February 25, 1822 :: Samuel Smith (DR), from December 17, 1822 : 3. Edward Lloyd (DR) ==== Massachusetts ==== : 1. Elijah H. Mills (F) : 2. Harrison Gray Otis (F), until May 30, 1822 :: James Lloyd (F), from June 5, 1822 ==== Mississippi ==== : 1. David Holmes (DR) : 2. Thomas H. Williams (DR) ==== Missouri ==== : 1. Thomas H. Benton (DR), from August 10, 1821 (newly admitted state) : 3. David Barton (DR), from August 10, 1821 (newly admitted state) ==== New Hampshire ==== : 2. David L. Morril (DR) : 3. John F. Parrott (DR) ==== New Jersey ==== : 1. Samuel L. Southard (DR) : 2. Mahlon Dickerson (DR) ==== New York ==== : 1. Martin Van Buren (DR) : 3. Rufus King (F) ==== North Carolina ==== : 2. Montfort Stokes (DR) : 3. Nathaniel Macon (DR) ==== Ohio ==== : 1. Benjamin Ruggles (DR) : 3. William A. Trimble (DR), until December 13, 1821 :: Ethan Allen Brown (DR), from January 3, 1822 ==== Pennsylvania ==== : 1. William Findlay (DR), from December 10, 1821 : 3. Walter Lowrie (DR) ==== Rhode Island ==== : 1. James DeWolf (DR) : 2. Nehemiah R. Knight (DR) ==== South Carolina ==== : 2. William Smith (DR) : 3. John Gaillard (DR) ==== Tennessee ==== : 1. John H. Eaton (DR), from September 27, 1821 : 2. John Williams (DR) ==== Vermont ==== : 1. Horatio Seymour (DR) : 3. William A. Palmer (DR) ==== Virginia ==== : 1. James Barbour (DR) : 2. James Pleasants (DR), until December 15, 1822 :: John Taylor of Caroline (DR), from December 18, 1822 House of Representatives The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers. ==== Alabama ==== : . Gabriel Moore (DR) ==== Connecticut ==== All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Noyes Barber (DR) : . Daniel Burrows (DR) : . Henry W. Edwards (DR) : . John Russ (DR) : . Ansel Sterling (DR) : . Ebenezer Stoddard (DR) : . Gideon Tomlinson (DR) ==== Delaware ==== Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Louis McLane (F) : . Caesar A. Rodney (DR), until January 24, 1822 :: Daniel Rodney (F), from October 1, 1822 ==== Georgia ==== All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Joel Abbot (DR) : . Alfred Cuthbert (DR) : . George R. Gilmer (DR) : . Robert R. Reid (DR) : . Edward F. Tattnall (DR) : . Wiley Thompson (DR) ==== Illinois ==== : . Daniel P. Cook (DR) ==== Indiana ==== : . William Hendricks (DR), until July 25, 1822 :: Jonathan Jennings (DR), from December 2, 1822 ==== Kentucky ==== : . David Trimble (DR) : . Samuel H. Woodson (DR) : . John T. Johnson (DR) : . Thomas Metcalfe (DR) : . Anthony New (DR) : . Francis Johnson (DR) : . George Robertson (DR), until sometime in 1821 before the convening of Congress :: John S. Smith (DR), from August 6, 1821 : . Wingfield Bullock (DR), until October 13, 1821 :: James D. Breckinridge (DR), from November 21, 1821 : . Thomas Montgomery (DR) : . Benjamin Hardin (DR) ==== Louisiana ==== : . Josiah S. Johnston (DR) ==== Maine ==== : . Joseph Dane (F) : . Ezekiel Whitman (F), until June 1, 1822 :: Mark Harris (DR), from December 2, 1822 : . Mark L. Hill (DR) : . William D. Williamson (DR) : . Ebenezer Herrick (DR) : . Joshua Cushman (DR) : . Enoch Lincoln (DR) ==== Maryland ==== The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives. : . Raphael Neale (F) : . Joseph Kent (DR) : . Henry R. Warfield (F) : . John Nelson (DR) : . Peter Little (DR) : . Samuel Smith (DR), until December 17, 1822 :: Isaac McKim (DR), from January 4, 1823 : . Jeremiah Cosden (DR), until March 19, 1822 :: Philip Reed (DR), from March 19, 1822 : . Robert Wright (DR) : . Thomas Bayly (F) ==== Massachusetts ==== : . Benjamin Gorham (DR) : . Gideon Barstow (DR) : . Jeremiah Nelson (F) : . Timothy Fuller (DR) : . Samuel Lathrop (F) : . Samuel C. Allen (F) : . Henry W. Dwight (F) : . Aaron Hobart (DR) : . John Reed Jr. (F) : . Francis Baylies (F) : . Jonathan Russell (DR) : . Lewis Bigelow (F) : . William Eustis (DR) ==== Mississippi ==== : . Christopher Rankin (DR) ==== Missouri ==== : . John Scott (DR), from August 10, 1821 (newly admitted state) ==== New Hampshire ==== All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Josiah Butler (DR) : . Matthew Harvey (DR) : . Aaron Matson (DR) : . William Plumer Jr. (DR) : . Nathaniel Upham (DR) : . Thomas Whipple Jr. (DR) ==== New Jersey ==== All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Ephraim Bateman (DR) : . George Cassedy (DR) : . Lewis Condict (DR) : . George Holcombe (DR) : . James Matlack (DR) : . Samuel Swan (DR) ==== New York ==== There were five plural districts: the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th & 20th each had two representatives. : . Cadwallader D. Colden (F), from December 12, 1821 : . Silas Wood (F) : . Churchill C. Cambreleng (DR) : . John J. Morgan (DR) : . Jeremiah H. Pierson (DR) : . William W. Van Wyck (DR) : . Walter Patterson (F) : . Selah Tuthill (DR), until September 7, 1821 :: Charles Borland Jr. (DR), from December 3, 1821 : . Charles H. Ruggles (F) : . Richard McCarty (DR) : . Solomon Van Rensselaer (F), until January 14, 1822 :: Stephen Van Rensselaer (F), from March 12, 1822 : . John D. Dickinson (F) : . John W. Taylor (DR) : . Nathaniel Pitcher (DR) : . Reuben H. Walworth (DR) : . John Gebhard (DR) : . Alfred Conkling (DR) : . Samuel Campbell (DR) : . James Hawkes (DR) : . Joseph Kirkland (F) : . Thomas H. Hubbard (DR) : . Micah Sterling (F) : . Elisha Litchfield (DR) : . William B. Rochester (DR) : . David Woodcock (DR) : . Elijah Spencer (DR) : . Albert H. Tracy (DR) ==== North Carolina ==== : . Lemuel Sawyer (DR) : . Hutchins G. Burton (DR) : . Thomas H. Hall (DR) : . William S. Blackledge (DR) : . Charles Hooks (DR) : . Weldon N. Edwards (DR) : . Archibald McNeill (F) : . Josiah Crudup (DR) : . Romulus M. Saunders (DR) : . John Long (DR) : . Henry W. Connor (DR) : . Felix Walker (DR) : . Lewis Williams (DR) ==== Ohio ==== : . Thomas R. Ross (DR) : . John W. Campbell (DR) : . Levi Barber (DR) : . David Chambers (DR), from October 9, 1821 : . Joseph Vance (DR) : . John Sloane (DR) ==== Pennsylvania ==== There were six plural districts: the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th & 10th had two representatives each, and the 1st had four representatives. : . Samuel Edwards (F) : . Joseph Hemphill (F) : . William Milnor (F), until May 8, 1822 :: Thomas Forrest (F), from October 8, 1822 : . John Sergeant (F) : . William Darlington (DR) : . Samuel Gross (DR) : . James Buchanan (F) : . John Phillips (F) : . James S. Mitchell (DR) : . John Findlay (DR), from October 9, 1821 : . James McSherry (F) : . Samuel Moore (DR), until May 20, 1822 :: Samuel D. Ingham (DR), from October 8, 1822 : . Thomas J. Rogers (DR) : . Ludwig Worman (F), until October 17, 1822 :: Daniel Udree (DR), from October 17, 1822 : . John Tod (DR) : . John Brown (DR) : . George Denison (DR) : . Thomas Murray Jr. (DR), from October 9, 1821 : . George Plumer (DR) : . Thomas Patterson (DR) : . Andrew Stewart (DR) : . Henry Baldwin (DR), until May 8, 1822 :: Walter Forward (DR), from October 8, 1822 : . Patrick Farrelly (DR) ==== Rhode Island ==== Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Job Durfee (DR) : . Samuel Eddy (DR) ==== South Carolina ==== : . Joel R. Poinsett (DR) : . William Lowndes (DR), until May 8, 1822 :: James Hamilton Jr. (DR), from December 13, 1822 : . Thomas R. Mitchell (DR) : . James Overstreet (DR), until May 24, 1822 :: Andrew R. Govan (DR), from December 4, 1822 : . Starling Tucker (DR) : . George McDuffie (DR) : . John Wilson (DR) : . Joseph Gist (DR) : . James Blair (DR), until May 8, 1822 :: John Carter (DR), from December 11, 1822 ==== Tennessee ==== : . John Rhea (DR) : . John Cocke (DR) : . Francis Jones (DR) : . Robert Allen (DR) : . Newton Cannon (DR) : . Vacant ==== Vermont ==== : . Rollin C. Mallary (DR) : . Phineas White (DR) : . Charles Rich (DR) : . Elias Keyes (DR) : . Samuel C. Crafts (DR) : . John Mattocks (DR) ==== Virginia ==== : . Edward B. Jackson (DR) : . Thomas Van Swearingen (F), until August 19, 1822 :: James Stephenson (F), from October 28, 1822 : . Jared Williams (DR) : . William McCoy (DR) : . John Floyd (DR) : . Alexander Smyth (DR) : . William Smith (DR) : . Charles F. Mercer (F) : . William Lee Ball (DR) : . Thomas L. Moore (DR) : . Philip P. Barbour (DR) : . Robert S. Garnett (DR) : . Burwell Bassett (DR) : . Jabez Leftwich (DR) : . George Tucker (DR) : . John Randolph (DR) : . William S. Archer (DR) : . Mark Alexander (DR) : . James Jones (DR) : . Arthur Smith (DR) : . Thomas Newton Jr. (DR) : . Hugh Nelson (DR), until January 14, 1823, vacant thereafter : . Andrew Stevenson (DR) Non-voting members : . James W. Bates : . Joseph M. Hernández, from September 30, 1822 : . Solomon Sibley : . Vacant until statehood ==Changes in membership==

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Senate • Replacements: 5 • Democratic-Republicans: no net change • Federalists: no net change • Deaths: 2 • Resignations: 6 • Seats of newly admitted states: 2 • Vacancies: 3 • Total seats with changes: 12 House of Representatives • Replacements: 13 • Democratic-Republicans: 1 seat net gain • Federalists: 1 seat net loss • Deaths: 5 • Resignations: 15 • Contested election: 2 • Seats of newly admitted states: 1 • Total seats with changes: 23 ==Committees==

Lists of committees and their party leaders. Senate • Amendments to the Constitution (Select) • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: James Lanman then Nathaniel Macon) • Claims (Chairman: Benjamin Ruggles) • Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Mahlon Dickerson) • Debt Imprisonment Abolition (Select) • District of Columbia (Chairman: James Barbour) • Engrossed Bills (Chairman: James Lanman) • Finance (Chairman: John Holmes then Walter Lowrie) • Foreign Relations (Chairman: Rufus King then James Barbour) • Indian Affairs (Chairman: Henry Johnson) • Judiciary (Chairman: William Smith) • Military Affairs (Chairman: John Williams) • Militia (Chairman: James Noble) • National Road from Cumberland to Wheeling (Select) • Naval Affairs (Chairman: James Pleasants) • Pensions (Chairman: James Noble) • Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Montfort Stokes) • Public Lands (Chairman: Jesse B. Thomas) • Roads and Canals (Select) • Tariff Regulation (Select) • Whole House of Representatives • Accountability of Public Moneys (Select) • Accounts (Chairman: Samuel C. Allen) • Agriculture (Chairman: Josiah Butler) • Arkansas Territorial Limits (Select) • Claims (Chairman: Lewis Williams) • Commerce (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.) • District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph Kent) • Elections (Chairman: John Sloane) • Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Samuel Edwards) • Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: George Denison) • Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Silas Wood) • Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Albert H. Tracy) • Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Starling Tucker) • Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Hugh Nelson) • Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Jonathan Russell) • Indian Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Metcalfe) • Judiciary (Chairman: John Sergeant then Hugh Nelson) • Manufactures (Chairman: John Tod) • Military Affairs (Chairman: William Eustis) • Naval Affairs (Chairman: Timothy Fuller) • Pensions and Revolutionary War Claims (Chairman: John Rhea) • Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Francis Johnson) • Private Land Claims (Chairman: Samuel Campbell) • Public Expenditures (Chairman: Thomas Montgomery) • Public Lands (Chairman: Christopher Rankin) • Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Thomas R. Ross) • Rules (Select) • Standards of Official Conduct • Ways and Means (Chairman: Samuel Smith) • Whole Joint committees • Enrolled Bills • The Library == Employees ==

=== Legislative branch agency directors === • Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch • Librarian of Congress: George Watterston Senate • Chaplain: William Ryland (Methodist), until December 9, 1822 • Charles P. McIlvaine (Episcopalian), elected December 9, 1822 • Secretary: Charles Cutts • Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly House of Representatives • Chaplain: John Nicholson Campbell (Presbyterian), until December 10, 1821 • Jared Sparks (Unitarian), elected December 10, 1821 • John Brackenridge (Presbyterian), elected December 5, 1822 • Clerk: Thomas Dougherty (died) • Matthew St. Clair Clarke, elected December 3, 1822 • Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch, elected December 4, 1821 • Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn == See also ==