Market1944 in France
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1944 in France

Events from the year 1944 in France.

Incumbents
Chairman of the Provisional Government: Philippe Pétain (until 20 August), Charles de Gaulle (starting 20 August) • Vice-President of the Council of Ministers: Pierre Laval (until 20 August), Charles de Gaulle (starting 20 August) ==Events==
Events
• 15 March – The National Council of the French Resistance approves the Resistance programme. • 1 June – BBC transmits coded messages (including the first line of a poem by Paul Verlaine) to underground resistance fighters in France warning that the invasion of Europe is imminent. • 2 June – The provisional French government is established. • 5 June • More than 1000 British bombers drop 5000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day. • At 10:15 p.m. local time, the BBC transmits coded messages including the second line of the Paul Verlaine poem to the underground resistance indicating that the invasion of Europe is about to begin. • 6 June • Battle of Normandy begins – Operation Overlord, code named D-Day, commences with the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy. • Battle of Cherbourg begins. • 7 June – Bayeux liberated by British troops. • 9 June – Over 200 people are killed by 2nd SS Panzer Division ("Das Reich") in the Tulle massacre • 10 June • 642 people are killed by 2nd SS Panzer Division ("Das Reich") in the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre. • Battle of Carentan begins. • 13 June – Battle of Bloody Gulch, near Carentan, United States forces victory. • 14 June – Battle of Carentan ends with Allied victory. • 26 June – American troops enter Cherbourg. • 30 June – Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces. • 9 July – British and Canadian forces capture Caen. • 9 August – Ordonnance du 9 août 1944 relative au rétablissement de la légalité républicaine sur le territoire continental declares the Constitutional Law of 1940 issued by the Provisional Government void ab initio. • 12 August – The world's first undersea oil pipeline is laid, between England and France in Operation Pluto. • 15 August – Operation Dragoon lands Allies in southern France. • 19 August – Liberation of Paris: The city rises against German occupation with the help of Allied troops. • 20 August – American forces defeat German forces at Chambois. This victory closed the Falaise Gap. • 24 August – Liberation of Paris: The Allies enter Paris, successfully completing Operation Overlord. • 25 August • German surrender of Paris: General Dietrich von Choltitz surrenders Paris to the Allies, in defiance of Hitler's orders to destroy it. • Maillé massacre: 129 civilians (70% women and children) are massacred by the Gestapo at Maillé, Indre-et-Loire. • The Red Ball Express convoy system begins operation, supplying tons of materiel to Allied forces in France. • 26 August • Toulon liberated in Battle of Toulon (1944). • Ordonnance instituting Indignité nationale. • 28 August – Marseille liberated in Battle of Marseille. • 8 September – Menton is liberated from Germany. • 11 September – Northern and Southern France invasion forces link up near Dijon. • 24 September – The U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division takes the strongly defended city of Epinal before crossing the Moselle River and entering the western foothills of the Vosges. • 5 October – Royal Canadian Air Force pilots shoot down the first German jet fighter over France. • 31 October – Mass murderer Marcel Petiot is apprehended in a Paris Métro station. • 9 November – Collaborationist Georges Suarez becomes the first journalist executed during the épuration légale. • 23 November – Liberation of Strasbourg. • 19 December – Newspaper Le Monde first published in Paris. • Toymaker Jouef established. ==Arts and literature==
Arts and literature
• 6 February – Première of Jean Anouilh's tragedy Antigone, at the Théâtre de l'Atelier in Nazi-occupied Paris. • May – Première of Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialist drama Huis Clos, at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in Nazi-occupied Paris. ==Births==
Births
January to June • 17 January – Françoise Hardy, singer (died 2024) • 26 January – Louis Gallois, businessman • 10 February – Jean-Daniel Cadinot, film director and producer (died 2008) • 25 February – François Cevert, motor racing driver (died 1973) • 7 April – Jean-Pierre Brucato, soccer player (died 1998) • 22 May – Henri Guédon, percussionist (died 2006) • 25 May – Pierre Bachelet, singer songwriter (died 2005) • 26 May – Laurent-Michel Vacher, philosopher, writer and journalist (died 2005) • 22 June • Pierre Goldman, left-wing intellectual, convicted of several robberies and assassinated (died 1979) • Gérard Mourou, electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics • 24 June – Ticky Holgado, actor (died 2004) July to December • 6 July – Claude-Michel Schönberg, composer • 12 July – Jean-François Jenny-Clark, double bass player (died 1998) • 9 August – Patrick Depailler, motor racing driver (died 1980) • 14 August – Jean-François Bizot, journalist and writer (died 2007) • 17 August – Jean-Bernard Pommier, pianist and conductor (died 2026) • 18 August – Françoise Lebrun, actress • 2 September – Gilles Marchal, songwriter and singer (died 2013) • 6 September – Christian Boltanski, photographer, sculptor and installation artist (died 2021) Full date unknownJean-Jacques Le Chenadec, urban violence victim (died 2005) ==Deaths==
Deaths
• 14 January – Eugène Louis Bouvier, entomologist and carcinologist (born 1856) • 31 January – Jean Giraudoux, novelist, essayist, diplomat and playwright (born 1882) • 4 February – Yvette Guilbert, singer and actress (born 1865) • 24 February – Fanny Clar, journalist and writer (born 1875) • 5 March – Max Jacob, poet, painter, writer and critic (born 1876) • 22 March – Pierre Brossolette, journalist and Resistance fighter (born 1903) • 30 April – Paul Poiret, fashion designer (born 1879) • 20 May – Fraser Barron, New Zealand bomber pilot at Le Mans (born 1921 in Dunedin) • 6 July • Andrée Borrel, French World War II heroine (executed) (born 1919) • Sonia Olschanezky, German-born French Jewish World War II heroine (executed) (born 1923) • 7 July – Georges Mandel, politician and Resistance leader (executed) (born 1885) • 15 July – Joseph Sadi-Lecointe, aviator (born 1891) • 31 July – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, pilot and writer (born 1900) • 1 August – Jean Prévost, writer, journalist and member of the Maquis (born 1901) • 17 August – Paul Wormser, Olympic fencer (born 1905) • 9 September – Robert Benoist, motor racing driver and war hero (executed) (born 1895) • 11 September – Yolande Beekman, World War II heroine (executed) (born 1911) • 13 September – Madeleine Damerment, World War II heroine (executed) (born 1917) • 1 November – Lucien Cayeux, sedimentary petrographer (born 1864) • 5 November – Alexis Carrel, surgeon and biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1873) • 13 December- Wassily Kandinsky, artist (born 1866) • 30 December – Romain Rolland, writer, Nobel Prize in Literature (born 1866) ==See also==
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