Governor's rule in Madras The Congress government which had come to power in Madras Presidency in 1937 after winning the
1937 elections resigned in October 1939, protesting India's involvement in the
Second World War. The Presidency came under the direct rule of the Governor on 30 October 1939, according to Section 93 of the Government of India Act of 1935. It was extended two times on 15 February 1943 and on 29 September 1945 by the proclamation of the Governor. The
Labour government headed by
Clement Attlee came to power in the
United Kingdom in July 1945. It was more sympathetic to the cause of Indian Independence Movement. Indian viceroy
Lord Wavell, proposed a plan to break the constitutional deadlock. Called the "Wavell plan", it resulted in the release of all Congress political prisoners and called for the repeal of Section 93 and for fresh elections to be held. The Congress agreed to resume its participation in the electoral process and elections were scheduled for 1946.
Rajaji-Kamaraj rivalry in the Congress The years before the 1946 election saw a bitter struggle between
C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) and
K. Kamaraj for the leadership of Madras provincial Congress. Rajaji had quit the Congress on 15 July 1942 over differences with Congress leaders on issues related to
Pakistan. After his departure, the Tamil Nadu Congress leadership was firmly in the hands of Kamaraj, who enjoyed enormous popularity in the Tamil region of the Madras Presidency. Rajaji re-entered Congress again in mid-1945. His return was much appreciated by Congress high command as they felt the Presidency needed his service greatly.
Sathyamurthy was dead, Prakasam's popularity was confined to the Andhra region and Kamaraj was very young. Rajaji's claim to leadership found strong support in a Provincial Congress Committee meeting held in Tirupparankundram on 31 October 1945. To counter him, Kamaraj aligned himself with leaders like
C. N. Muthuranga Mudaliar and
M. Bhaktavatsalam. The Congress high command sent
Asaf Ali to Madras in an effort to mediate between the pro- and anti-Rajaji factions. Kamaraj and Mudaliar wrote to the Congress high command protesting its interference in local politics and its preference of Rajaji.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel felt it would be good for Rajaji to enter the
Central Assembly. But Rajaji was interested in provincial politics and he wanted to contest from Madras University constituency. In summary, the Congress high command's contention that Madras Presidency Congress would be leaderless without Rajaji was not well received by Kamaraj and others and they were not willing to accept that it was acting purely in the interests of the province. After visiting Madras to participate in the silver jubilee celebrations of the
Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha (Institution for the propagation of Hindi in South India) during January 1946,
Gandhi wrote an article in the
Harijan supporting Rajaji's candidacy. The article titled "Curious" had a reference to a "clique" in Madras Congress against Rajaji. He concluded the article by saying, The article led to a huge controversy in Madras province and Gandhi received several telegrams and letters condemning his article. Some even threatened to fast if he did not withdraw the word "clique". However, Gandhi did not relent and withdraw his comments. On 12 February 1946, Kamaraj resigned from the Tamil Nadu Congress Parliamentary Board. Displeased with the controversy, Rajaji withdrew from active politics. Patel, who had worked hard to strengthen Rajaji's image, was enraged by his abrupt withdrawal and said, However he accepted Rajaji's withdrawal from the Madras University constituency. This was the third time Rajaji had retired from political life, the other two occasions being in 1923 and 1936. Under Periyar, the secessionist demand for
Dravida Nadu became its main political plank. The DK boycotted the 1946 elections.
Participation of Communists In 1942, the ban on the
Communist Party of India (CPI), which had been in place since 1934, was lifted. Under the leadership of
P. C. Joshi, the communists decided to contest the 1946 elections. They contested 103 of the 215 seats and winning two (Railway Trade Union constituency and West Godhavari-Krishna-Guntur non-Union Factory Labour constituency). ==Constituencies==