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1992 Pacific typhoon season

The 1992 Pacific typhoon season was the fifth consecutive above-average season, producing 31 tropical storms, 16 typhoons and five super typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1992. Despite this, most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Season summary
making landfall in Kyushu, along with Lois, Mark and Nina (as either tropical storms or tropical depressions) on August 18 There were a total of 40 tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific in 1992. 39 of these formed within the basin, and 1 storm, Tropical Storm Ekeka, formed in the Central Pacific basin, crossing the Date Line to enter the Western Pacific. Out of the 39, 32 became named tropical storms, 21 reached typhoon intensity, and 5 reached super typhoon strength. Storms are listed in numerical ascending order by their JTWC tropical depression numbers except for Ekeka, and not in alphabetical order of names. Thus, Tropical Storm Zack (22W) is listed before Super Typhoon Yvette (23W). The season was hyperactive, featuring the highest Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) for a Pacific typhoon season on record at the time, until it was surpassed by the 1997 Pacific typhoon season. The ACE index for the 1992 Pacific typhoon season as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center was 470.1 units. Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of . ==Systems==
Systems
Severe Tropical Storm Axel {{Infobox tropical cyclone small On 2 January, stronger-than-normal low-level westerlies were observed east of New Guinea. As a result of these increased winds and an area of cloudiness, two areas of convection on different sides of the equator formed. The next day, these areas began consolidating. As a result, on 4 January, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) noted that the northern area of convection had developed into a tropical depression. Several hours later, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the depression, issuing their first warning on Tropical Depression 01W later that day. After passing Majuro, Axel passed across Jaluit Atoll, causing over four feet of water to cover most of the main islands. As a result of Axel's winds, a majority of the outhouses were destroyed, resulting in serious health concerns for the islanders. In the eastern Caroline Islands, Kosrae experienced gusts of resulting in severe crop losses, damaged fauna, and several structures being destroyed.As Axel passed just north of Pohnpei, the island's electrical power was knocked out for several hours and many buildings in low-lying areas flooded. In those islands, a storm surge of fifteen feet was recorded, with a daily total of of rain seen. Later that same day, Ekeka weakened into a tropical depression, and subsequently moved through the Marshall Islands. As a result, on 23 June, the JMA noted that the disturbance had developed into a tropical depression. Early the next day, Bobbie intensified into a severe tropical storm. However, combined with the effects of nearby Chuck, heavy rainfall would produce mudflows pouring down the Bucao, Balinquero and Maraunot rivers, causing them to rise up . In Manila, 23 homes were destroyed while 2 people went missing. In Japan, Bobbie primarily brought severe rainfall, causing the prefectures of Okinawa, Miyazaki, Kagoshima, Tokyo, Gifu, and Fukui to receive heavy rainfall. Yakushima received in a day. Typhoon Chuck {{Infobox tropical cyclone small On 19:00 UTC on 21 June, a tropical disturbance began developing over the central Philippines. Initially weakening as it traversed the Philippines, once it crossed into the South China Sea two days later, the convection of the disturbance began organizing. As it kept consolidating, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the disturbance later that day, issuing their first warning on it the next day as Tropical Depression 03W. Elsewhere, in Hainan, one person died. Economic losses in Hainan are estimated at 223 million RMB (US$40.5 million). Tropical Storm Deanna (Biring) {{Infobox tropical cyclone small On 25 June, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began tracking a tropical disturbance over the open Pacific. On 6:00 UTC the next day, they issued a TCFA on the consolidating system, later issuing their first advisory on it just a few hours later as Tropical Depression 04W. Initially, the depression was slow to consolidate due to wind shear produced by a nearby Typhoon Bobby alongside a tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT). This hindered much development of the depression's convection, causing it to not intensify into a tropical storm until 1 July. As a result of it becoming a tropical storm, the JTWC named it Deanna. Slowly developing, the next day, Deanna peaked with 1-minute sustained winds of . As Deanna tracked northwards, it dissipated on 3 July. Additionally, the remnants of Deanna produced moderate to heavy rainfall in the Ryukyu Islands and Southern Japan. Typhoon Eli (Konsing) One person was killed and eight others were reported missing when the storm moved through the Philippines. Extensive damage took place in China with losses amounting to $235 million. Tropical Storm Faye Two people were killed in Hong Kong. Agricultural losses were estimated to be at HK$8 million (US$1.03 million). Severe Tropical Storm Gary (Ditang) At least 48 people were killed by Gary. Extensive damage took place in China with losses reaching $940 million. Tropical Storm Helen Helen moved north away from land. Severe Tropical Storm Irving (Edeng) Typhoon Irving caused over $4 million in damages and 3 fatalities. The storm formed south of Japan and moved north. Then, it recurved west and moved towards South Korea and dissipated. Typhoon Janis (Gloring) In Japan, Typhoon Janis killed two people and injured 41 others. Total losses from the storm reached 5.8 billion yen ($45.6 million). Typhoon Kent Kent formed on August 5 in the Federated States of Micronesia. Then, it tracked northwest and was intensified into a tropical storm. Then, it was upgraded into a category 1 typhoon. A few days later, the JTWC upgraded Kent into a category 2 typhoon. Then, Kent intensified into a category 3 then to a category 4 typhoon. Kent reached its peak intensity as a super typhoon. Afterwards, Kent moved very slowly. Then, the JTWC downgraded Kent into a category 4 typhoon then to a category 3 typhoon. Kent still moved slowly. Afterwards, the JTWC downgraded Kent into a category 2 typhoon. However, it still moved slowly until it was downgraded into a category 1 typhoon. Afterwards, the JTWC downgraded Kent into a tropical storm. Kent moved northeastwards then affected Japan. After it affected Japan, it weakened into a tropical depression then dissipated on the Sea of Japan. When Kent was traveling towards Japan, its large waves swept five people on the sea. Overall, Kent caused five deaths. Tropical Storm Lois (Huaning) Lois moved northeast away from Japan. Tropical Storm Mark One person was killed and another reported missing. Losses reached $10.4 million. Tropical Storm Nina Nina curved away from land. Typhoon Omar (Lusing) Typhoon Omar originated into a tropical disturbance on August 20. On those days, the basin saw the dissipation of 2 tropical cyclones and another two more cyclones that begin their extratropical transition. The system intensified, prompting JMA and JTWC to name the Tropical depression 15W. 15W tracked westward, and it intensified to a tropical storm then was named Omar by the JMA. Omar begin to track westward, causing the outflow of Tropical Storm Polly to shear the system and slowing intensification. Then JTWC noticed that the wind shear can weaken Omar. The two storms furthered apart, allowing a ridge to develop between them. This caused Omar to drift slowly on the north, and because of the decreasing wind shear, Omar resumed strengthening. The storm later resumed its west-northwest track. On August 27, JTWC designed the storm as a typhoon, developing an eye. On August 28, Omar rapidly intensified and it made landfall on Guam with maximum sustained winds with . On August 29, the storm reached its peak intensity with 10 min. sustained winds of and the lowest pressure of 920 mbar. This intensity remained for 24 hours before it weakened. However, JTWC estimated 1 min. winds at . Two days later, Omar entered the PAR and PAGASA assigned the local name Lusing. On September 3, Omar weakened into a tropical storm by JMA, but JTWC maintained the storm at the typhoon strength. The storm still tracked westward, then made landfall on east coast of Taiwan. Then it made its final landfall near Fujian in Eastern China on September 5. Then it degenerated to a tropical depression before turning west-southwest. Then it moved on southern China as a weak system, dissipating on September 9 on northern Vietnam. Typhoon Omar was a destructive storm to Guam, causing over a foot of rain there, amounting to $702 million in damage (2008 USD) and a death. In Taiwan, the storm caused 2 deaths and heavy rainfall, which warranted the name's retirement. The name Omar was replaced with Oscar which was first used in the 1995 season. Severe Tropical Storm Polly (Isang) Developing to Omar's west, Polly began its life on August 23 and reached tropical storm strength on the 26th. As a developing monsoon depression, it had a large outflow. Polly retained that throughout its lifetime, inhibiting intensification past winds. On the 30th, the storm hit southeastern Taiwan, and on the 31st it hit China. Torrential rains produced by Tropical Storm Polly triggered devastating floods that killed 202 people and injured hundreds more. More than 5 million people were left homeless across Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces in China. Total losses from the storm were roughly $450 million. Typhoon Ryan Ryan was a potent typhoon that passed east of Japan. Despite passing well offshore, the storm damaged 3,128 homes and destroyed nine homes in Hokkaido. One person was killed. Damage was estimated at ¥13.9 billion (US$110 million). Typhoon Sibyl Typhoon Sibyl took an unusual track east of Japan, first heading northward, then back south, and finally north again while strengthening. Then, it curved west and dissipated as it recurved eastward. Severe Tropical Storm Ted (Maring) Tropical Storm Ted, having developed on September 14, stalled off northern Luzon on the 20th. It turned northward, and hit southern Taiwan on the 22nd as a minimal typhoon. Ted weakened to a tropical storm over the island, and hit eastern China on the 23rd. It turned to the northeast, hit South Korea, and became extratropical on the 24th. At least 61 people were killed by Typhoon Ted and 51 others were reported missing. Losses from the storm reached $360 million in China. Tropical Storm Val Val stayed at sea. Typhoon Ward On September 23, a tropical depression developed just east of the International Dateline; however, it was warned upon by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center rather than the Central Pacific Hurricane Center as it was expected to become a significant tropical cyclone outside of the CPHC's area of responsibility. Just prior to crossing into the Western Pacific basin, it reached tropical storm intensity, at which time it was given the name Ward from the list of Pacific typhoon names. Winds at this time were estimated at ; Over the following days, Ward gradually intensified, peaking as a Category 2 storm with winds of . The storm eventually weakened as it moved through higher latitudes, becoming extratropical on October 7 over open waters. Typhoon Yvette (Ningning) A depression that formed near the Mariana Islands organized and was upgraded into a tropical storm on October 7, and was given the name Yvette. It rapidly intensified into a super typhoon which started to recurve out at sea, preventing major impacts at the Philippines. Yvette started to weaken as it headed towards colder waters and eventually dissipated on October 17. Tropical Storm Zack Zack stayed away from land. Typhoon Angela (Osang) At least 49 people were killed by Typhoon Angela, mostly in Vietnam, while 14 others were reported missing. In the history of Vietnam's list of storm numbers in the East Sea, this storm is a rare storm. When it was re-issued twice, the number were 6 and 8. The thing is, when storm number 6 made landfall in Central Vietnam, it weakened into a tropical depression and its remnants strengthened in the Gulf of Thailand into storm number 8. This is also a rare time when two storms are active at the same time because of storm Colleen below entering the East Sea area. Typhoon Brian Brian caused small damage in Guam, but no deaths were reported. Severe Tropical Storm Colleen (Paring) Colleen intensified over the South China Sea before making landfall in Vietnam. Typhoon Dan Dan came nowhere near land. Typhoon Elsie (Reming) Elsie recurved away from land. Tropical Depression 29W On October 30, a tropical disturbance began to form west of the International Date Line. The JTWC then issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert late the next day as the system moved westward and started warnings on Tropical Depression 29W on November 1. However, intensification was severely inhibited by outflow from nearby Typhoon Dan, and the depression failed to develop. It passed within of Wake Island, causing a minor pressure dip and gusts to . No damage was reported, due to the relative weakness of 29W as compared to Dan, which ravaged the island 3 days earlier. The depression dissipated on November 2 over open ocean. Tropical Storm Forrest On November 8 a tropical depression formed from the monsoon trough east of the Philippines. It crossed the islands, and strengthened to a tropical storm in the South China Sea on the 12th. Forrest continued westward until hitting and crossing the Malay Peninsula on the 15th. It reached a peak of winds in the Bay of Bengal before hitting Myanmar on the 21st. At least two people were killed by Tropical Storm Forrest and 31 others were reported missing after a ship capsized. Typhoon Gay (Seniang) Typhoon Gay was the strongest and longest-lasting storm of the season, forming on November 13 near the International Date Line. As it moved to the west, Gay steadily intensified and moved through the Marshall Islands as an intensifying typhoon. After passing through the country, it intensified its peak intensity over open waters. The JTWC estimated peak winds of and a minimum barometric pressure of . However, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), which is the official warning center in the western Pacific, estimated winds of , with a pressure of . Typhoon Gay weakened rapidly after peaking due to interaction with another typhoon, and it struck Guam with winds of on November 23. The typhoon briefly re-intensified, although it weakened as it turned toward Japan and became extratropical on November 29. The typhoon first affected the Marshall Islands, where 5,000 people were left homeless and heavy crop damage was reported. The nation's capital of Majuro lost power during the storm and experienced power and water outages. No Marshall Islands citizens were killed, When Gay struck Guam, it became the sixth typhoon of the year to affect the island. Most of the weaker structures were destroyed during Typhoon Omar earlier in the year. Due to its substantial weakening, Gay had a disrupted inner-core that dropped minimal rainfall, which caused extensive defoliation of plants due to salt water scorching. Further north, the typhoon destroyed a house on Saipan from high waves. Typhoon Hunt The last storm of the year formed on November 13 and became extratropical on November 22. ==Storm names==
Storm names
During the season 31 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list which started on mid-1989. Philippines The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1996 season. This is the same list used for the 1988 season, except for Ulpiang and Yerling, which replaced Unsang and Yoning. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in . Retirement Due to extensive damage caused by Omar in Guam, the name was later retired and was replaced by Oscar and was first used in the 1995 season. ==Season effects==
Season effects
This table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, to the west of the International Date Line during 1992. The tables also provide an overview of a systems intensity, duration, land areas affected and any deaths or damages associated with the system. ==See also==
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