MarketSeptember 2
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September 2

September 2 is the 245th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 120 days remain until the end of the year.

Events
Pre-160044 BCPharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. • 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his Philippicae (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them over the following months. • 31 BCFinal War of the Roman Republic: Battle of Actium: Off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra. • 1192 – The Treaty of Jaffa is signed between Richard I of England and Saladin, leading to the end of the Third Crusade. • 1561Entry of Mary, Queen of Scots into Edinburgh, a spectacular civic celebration for the Queen of Scotland, marred by religious controversy. 1601–190016014th Spanish Armada makes landfall in Ireland at Kinsale. • 1649 – The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro. • 1666 – The Great Fire of London breaks out and burns for three days, destroying 10,000 buildings, including Old St Paul's Cathedral. • 1752Great Britain, along with its overseas possessions, adopts the Gregorian calendar. • 1789 – The United States Department of the Treasury is founded. • 1792 – During what became known as the September Massacres of the French Revolution, rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops, more than two hundred priests, and prisoners believed to be royalist sympathizers. • 1806 – A massive landslide destroys the town of Goldau, Switzerland, killing 457. • 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: The British Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon. • 1856 – The Tianjing incident takes place in Nanjing, China. • 1859 – The Carrington Event is the strongest geomagnetic storm on record. • 1862American Civil War: United States President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores Union General George B. McClellan to full command after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run. • 1864 – American Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta as the city surrenders, ending the Atlanta campaign as a victory for General William T. Sherman. • 1867 – Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Japan, marries Masako Ichijō, thereafter known as Empress Shōken. • 1870Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan: Prussian forces take Napoleon III of France and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner. • 1885Rock Springs massacre: In Rock Springs, Wyoming, 150 white miners, who are struggling to unionize so they could strike for better wages and work conditions, attack their Chinese fellow workers, killing 28, wounding 15 and forcing several hundred more out of town. • 1898Battle of Omdurman: British and Egyptian troops defeat Sudanese tribesmen and establish British dominance in Sudan. 1901–present1901 – Vice President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt utters the famous phrase, "Speak softly and carry a big stick" at the Minnesota State Fair. • 1912Arthur Rose Eldred is awarded the first Eagle Scout award of the Boy Scouts of America. • 1923Kantō Massacre: Amid rumors that Koreans had been conducting acts of sabotage in the aftermath of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, lynch mobs of Japanese begin massacring thousands of civilians over the course of several weeks, mainly ethnic minorities such as Koreans and Chinese. • 1935 – The Labor Day Hurricane, the most intense hurricane to strike the United States, makes landfall at Long Key, Florida, killing at least 400. • 1939World War II: Following the start of the invasion of Poland the previous day, the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) is annexed by Nazi Germany. • 1944 – The last execution of a Finn in Finland takes place when soldier Olavi Laiho is executed by shooting in Oulu. • 1945 – World War II: The Japanese Instrument of Surrender is signed by Japan and the major warring powers aboard the battleship in Tokyo Bay, thus marking the official end to the war. • 1945 – Communist leader Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam after the end of the Nguyễn dynasty. • 1946 – The Interim Government of India is formed, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru as vice president with the powers of a Prime Minister. • 1957 – President Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam becomes the first foreign head of state to make a state visit to Australia. • 1958 – A USAF RC-130 is shot down by fighters over Armenia when it strays into Soviet airspace while conducting a sigint mission. All crew members are killed. • 1960 – The first election of the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile. The Tibetan community observes this date as Democracy Day. • 1963CBS Evening News becomes U.S. network television's first half-hour weeknight news broadcast, when the show is lengthened from 15 to 30 minutes. • 1968Operation OAU begins during the Nigerian Civil War. • 1970NASA announces the cancellation of two Apollo missions to the Moon, Apollo 15 (the designation is re-used by a later mission), and Apollo 19. • 1970 – Aeroflot Flight 3630, a Tupolev Tu-124 en route from southern Russia to Lithuania, crashes after the pilots lost control of the aircraft at cruise altitude between Rostov-on-Don Airport and Vilnius Airport, on the second leg of the flight; all 37 passengers and crew are killed. • 1984 – Seven people are shot and killed and 12 wounded in the Milperra massacre, a shootout between the rival motorcycle gangs Bandidos and Comancheros in Sydney, Australia. • 1985Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Tamil politicians and former MPs M. Alalasundaram and V. Dharmalingam are shot dead. • 1987 – In Moscow, the trial begins for 19-year-old pilot Mathias Rust, who flew his Cessna airplane into Red Square in May. • 1990Transnistria is unilaterally proclaimed a Soviet republic; the Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev declares the decision null and void. • 1992 – The 7.7 Nicaragua earthquake affected the west coast of Nicaragua. With a – disparity of half a unit, this tsunami earthquake triggered a tsunami that caused most of the damage and casualties, with at least 116 killed. Typical runup heights were . • 1998Swissair Flight 111 crashes near Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia; all 229 people on board are killed. • 1998 – The UN's International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda finds Jean-Paul Akayesu, the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of nine counts of genocide. • 2008Google launches its Google Chrome web browser. • 2009 – The Andhra Pradesh, India helicopter crash occurred near Rudrakonda Hill, 40 nautical miles (74 km) from Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India. Fatalities included Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, the Chief Minister of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. • 2010Israel-Palestinian conflict: the 2010 Israeli-Palestinian peace talks are launched by the United States. • 2013 – The Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge opens at 10:15 pm at a cost of $6.4 billion, after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake damaged the old span. • 2018National Museum of Brazil fire, A massive fire destroys most of the Paço de São Cristóvão, which houses the National Museum of Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro. The museum holds important archaeοlogical and anthropological objects, including the remains of the Luzia Woman, Marajoara vases and Egyptian mummies. • 2019Hurricane Dorian, a category 5 hurricane, devastates the Bahamas, killing at least five. • 2019 – The dive boat MV Conception catches fire and sinks near Santa Cruz Island, killing 34. • 2022 – Eighteen people are killed and 23 others are injured by a suicide bombing at a Sunni mosque in Herat, Afghanistan. • 2023India's first solar observation mission: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launches Aditya-L1 from Satish Dhawan space centre. • 2024 – Four people are killed in a mass shooting targeting homeless people on a Chicago Transit Authority train in Forest Park, Illinois, United States. • 2024 – A suicide bombing in Kabul, Afghanistan, kills 6 people and injures 13. • 2024 – At least 129 inmates are killed and 59 more injured in an attempted prison break at Makala Prison in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. ==Births==
Births
Pre-16001243Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, 6th Earl of Hertford, English politician (died 1295) • 1251Francis of Fabriano, Italian writer (died 1322) • 1516Francis I, Duke of Nevers (died 1561) • 1531Francesco Cattani da Diacceto, Bishop of Fiesole (died 1595) • 1548Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) 1601–19001661Georg Böhm, German organist and composer (died 1733) • 1675William Somervile, English poet and author (died 1742) • 1753Marie Joséphine of Savoy (died 1810) • 1778Louis Bonaparte, French-Dutch king (died 1846) • 1805Esteban Echeverría, Argentinian poet and author (died 1851) • 1810Lysander Button, American engineer (died 1898) • 1810 – William Seymour Tyler, American historian and educator (died 1897) • 1814Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist and historian (died 1896) • 1820Lucretia Peabody Hale, American journalist and author (died 1900) • 1830William P. Frye, American lawyer and politician (died 1911) • 1838Bhaktivinoda Thakur, Indian guru and philosopher (died 1914) • 1838 – Liliuokalani, Last sovereign monarch of Hawaii (died 1917) • 1839Henry George, American economist and author (died 1897) • 1850Eugene Field, American author and poet (died 1895) • 1850 – Albert Spalding, American baseball player, manager, and businessman, co-founded the Spalding Sporting Goods Company (died 1915) • 1850 – Woldemar Voigt, German physicist and academic (died 1919) • 1852Paul Bourget, French author and critic (died 1935) • 1853Wilhelm Ostwald, Latvian-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1932) • 1856John Bowser, English-Australian politician, 26th Premier of Victoria (died 1936) • 1865Simeón Ola, Filipino general and politician (died 1952) • 1866Charles Vintcent, South African cricketer and rugby player (died 1943) • 1873Lily Poulett-Harris, Australian cricketer and educator (died 1897) • 1877Frederick Soddy, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1956) • 1878Herman, Estonian-Finnish archbishop (died 1961) • 1878 – Werner von Blomberg, German field marshal (died 1946) • 1883Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria (died 1963) • 1884Frank Laubach, American missionary and mystic (died 1970) • 1892Dezső Kertész, Hungarian actor and film director (died 1965) • 1894Joseph Roth, Austrian journalist and author (died 1939) • 1897Fazlollah Zahedi, Iranian general and statesman, 36th Prime Minister of Iran (died 1963) 1901–present1901Andreas Embirikos, Greek psychoanalyst and poet (died 1975) • 1901 – Adolph Rupp, American basketball player and coach (died 1977) • 1904August Jakobson, Estonian author and politician (died 1963) • 1907Pertev Naili Boratav, Turkish author and educator (died 1998) • 1908Ruth Bancroft, American landscape and garden designer (died 2017) • 1910Paul Saagpakk, Estonian linguist, lexicographer, and academic (died 1996) • 1910 – Donald Watson, English activist, founded the Vegan Society (died 2005) • 1911Romare Bearden, American painter and author (died 1988) • 1911 – William F. Harrah, American businessman, founded Harrah's Entertainment (died 1978) • 1911 – Lill Tschudi, Swiss artist (died 2004) • 1912Ernest Bromley, Australian cricketer (died 1967) • 1913Israel Gelfand, Russian-American mathematician and biologist (died 2009) • 1913 – Bill Shankly, Scottish footballer and manager (died 1981) • 1915Benjamin Aaron, American lawyer and scholar (died 2007) • 1916Ömer Lütfi Akad, Turkish director and screenwriter (died 2011) • 1917Laurindo Almeida, Brazilian-American guitarist and composer (died 1995) • 1917 – Cleveland Amory, American author and critic (died 1997) • 1918Allen Drury, American journalist and author (died 1998) • 1919Marge Champion, American actress, dancer, and choreographer (died 2020) • 1922Arthur Ashkin, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (died 2020) • 1922 – Leigh Kamman, American radio host (died 2014) • 1923René Thom, French mathematician, biologist, and academic (died 2002) • 1923 – Ramón Valdés, Mexican actor and comedian (died 1988) • 1924Daniel arap Moi, Kenyan educator and politician, 2nd President of Kenya (died 2020) • 1925Hugo Montenegro, American composer and conductor (died 1981) • 1927Milo Hamilton, American sportscaster (died 2015) • 1927 – Francis Matthews, English actor (died 2014) • 1927 – Alice Raftary, American educator of blind adults (died 2014) • 1928Jim Jordan, Canadian educator and politician (died 2012) • 1928 – Horace Silver, American pianist and composer (died 2014) • 1928 – Mel Stuart, American director and producer (died 2012) • 1929Hal Ashby, American actor, director, and producer (died 1988) • 1929 – Beulah Bewley, English physician and academic (died 2018) • 1929 – Rex Hartwig, Australian tennis player (died 2022) • 1929 – Victor Spinetti, Welsh actor and director (died 2012) • 1931Clifford Jordan, American saxophonist (died 1993) • 1931 – Alan Simpson, American politician, US Senator from Wyoming (died 2025) • 1932Walter Davis Jr., American pianist (died 1990) • 1932 – Arnold Greenberg, American businessman, co-founded Snapple (died 2012) • 1949Hans-Hermann Hoppe, American economist and philosopher • 1949 – Moira Stuart, British broadcaster • 1950Rosanna DeSoto, American actress • 1950 – Michael Rother, German guitarist, keyboard player, and songwriter • 1950 – Tony Windsor, Australian politician • 1951Jim DeMint, American politician • 1951 – Mark Harmon, American actor and producer • 1951 – Mik Kaminski, English musician, rock violinist • 1952Jimmy Connors, American tennis player, coach, and sportscaster • 1955Linda Purl, American actress • 1966 – Tuc Watkins, American actor • 1969Laurence Brihaye, Belgian rhythmic gymnast • 1969 – K-Ci, American R&B singer-songwriter • 1975Jill Janus, American singer (died 2018) • 1975 – MC Chris, American rapper, actor, and screenwriter • 1975 – Tony Thompson, American singer (died 2007) • 1976Syleena Johnson, American R&B and soul singer-songwriter and actress • 1976 – Aziz Zakari, Ghanaian sprinter • 1977Tiffany Hines, American actress • 1991 – Mareks Mejeris, Latvian basketball player • 1991 – Gyasi Zardes, American footballer • 1992Xenia Knoll, Swiss tennis player • 1992 – Nenad Lukić, Serbian footballer • 1992 – Alberto Masi, Italian footballer • 1992 – Emiliano Martínez, Argentine footballer • 1992 – Ella Toone, English footballer • 1993Tom Anderson, English footballer • 1993 – Zaza Nadiradze, Georgian sprint canoeist • 1993 – Robert Rooba, Estonian ice hockey player • 1995Willy Adames, Dominican baseball player • 1995 – Aleksander Barkov, Russian-Finnish ice hockey player • 1995 – Deimantas Petravičius, Lithuanian footballer • 1996Austin Abrams, American actor • 1997 – Brandon Ingram, American basketball player • 1998Nickeil Alexander-Walker, Canadian basketball player • 1998 – Choi Ye-bin, South Korean actress ==Deaths==
Deaths
Pre-1600421Constantius III, Roman emperor • 459Simeon Stylites, Byzantine saint (born 390) • 595John IV of Constantinople1022Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, king of Mide and High King of Ireland1031Saint Emeric of Hungary (born 1000) • 1083 – King Munjong of Goryeo (born 1019) • 1274Prince Munetaka, Japanese shōgun (born 1242) • 1397Francesco Landini, Italian composer • 1540Dawit II of Ethiopia (born 1501) 1601–19001606Karel van Mander, Dutch painter and poet (born 1548) • 1651Kosem Sultan, Ottoman Valide sultan and regent (born 1589) • 1680Per Brahe the Younger, Swedish soldier and politician, Lord High Steward of Sweden (born 1602) • 1688Sir Robert Vyner, 1st Baronet, English businessman and politician, Lord Mayor of London (born 1631) • 1690Philip William, Elector Palatine, German Count Palatine of Neuburg (born 1615) • 1764Nathaniel Bliss, English astronomer and mathematician (born 1700) • 1765Henry Bouquet, Swiss-English colonel (born 1719) • 1768Antoine Deparcieux, French mathematician and theorist (born 1703) • 1790Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, German historian and theologian (born 1701) • 1813Jean Victor Marie Moreau, French general (born 1763) • 1820Jiaqing Emperor of China (born 1760) • 1832Franz Xaver von Zach, Hungarian-French astronomer and academic (born 1754) • 1834Thomas Telford, Scottish engineer and architect, designed the Menai Suspension Bridge (born 1757) • 1865William Rowan Hamilton, Irish physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (born 1805) • 1872N. F. S. Grundtvig, Danish pastor, philosopher, and author (born 1783) • 1877Konstantinos Kanaris, Greek admiral and politician, 16th Prime Minister of Greece (born 1793) • 1885Giuseppe Bonavia, Maltese architect (born 1821) • 1898Wilford Woodruff, American religious leader, 4th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (born 1807) 1901–present1910Henri Rousseau, French painter (born 1844) • 1911Marie Andrieu, French anarchist, cartomancer and spiritualist (born 1851) • 1918John Forrest, Australian politician, 1st Premier of Western Australia (born 1847) • 1921Henry Austin Dobson, English poet and critic (born 1840) • 1922Henry Lawson, Australian poet and author (born 1867) • 1927Umegatani Tōtarō II, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 20th Yokozuna (born 1878) • 1934James Allan, New Zealand rugby player (born 1860) • 1934 – Russ Columbo, American singer, violinist, and actor (born 1908) • 1934 – Alcide Nunez, American clarinet player (Original Dixieland Jass Band) (born 1884) • 1937Pierre de Coubertin, French historian and educator, founded the International Olympic Committee (born 1863) • 1941Lloyd Seay, American race car driver (born 1919) • 1942Tom Williams (Irish republican), Executed Irish Republican (born 1923) • 1942James Juvenal, American rower (born 1874) • 1943Marsden Hartley, American painter and poet (born 1877) • 1944Bella Rosenfeld, Russian-American model and author (born 1895) • 1945Mason Phelps, American golfer (born 1885) • 1948Sylvanus Morley, American archaeologist and spy (born 1883) • 1953Hendrik Offerhaus, Dutch rower (born 1875) • 1953 – Jonathan M. Wainwright, American general, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1883) • 1954Franz Leopold Neumann, German lawyer and political scientist (born 1900) • 1962William Wilkerson, American publisher and businessman (born 1890) • 1964Glenn Albert Black, American archaeologist and scholar (born 1900) • 1964 – Alvin C. York, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1887) • 1965Johannes Bobrowski, German poet and author (born 1917) • 1969Ho Chi Minh, Vietnamese politician, 1st President of Vietnam (born 1890) • 1971Robert Mensah, Ghanaian footballer (born 1939) • 1973Carl Dudley, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1910) • 1973 – J. R. R. Tolkien, English novelist, short story writer, poet, and philologist (born 1892) • 1975Mabel Vernon, American activist (born 1883) • 1976Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet and playwright (born 1934) • 1977Stephen Dunne, American actor (born 1918) • 1978Fred G. Meyer, American businessman, founded Fred Meyer (born 1886) • 1979Otto P. Weyland, American general (born 1903) • 1983Feri Cansel, Turkish-Cypriot actress (born 1944) • 1984Manos Katrakis, Greek actor (born 1908) • 1985M. Alalasundaram, Sri Lankan Tamil teacher and politician • 1985 – Abe Lenstra, Dutch footballer (born 1920) • 1985 – V. Dharmalingam, Sri Lankan Tamil politician (born 1918) • 1985 – Jay Youngblood, American wrestler (born 1955) • 1987Brian Clay, Australian rugby league player (born 1935) • 1990Robert Holmes à Court, South African-Australian businessman and lawyer (born 1937) • 1991Alfonso García Robles, Mexican politician and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1911) • 1992Barbara McClintock, American geneticist and botanist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1902) • 1996Paddy Clift, Zimbabwean cricketer (born 1953) • 1997Rudolf Bing, Austrian-American manager (born 1902) • 1997 – Viktor Frankl, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist (born 1905) • 1998Jackie Blanchflower, Northern Irish footballer (born 1933) • 1998 – Allen Drury, American journalist and author (born 1918) • 2000Elvera Sanchez, American dancer (born 1905) • 2000 – Curt Siodmak, German-American author and screenwriter (born 1907) • 2001Christiaan Barnard, South African surgeon and academic (born 1922) • 2001 – Troy Donahue, American actor (born 1936) • 2002Dick Reynolds, Australian footballer and coach (born 1915) • 2004Joan Oró, Catalan biochemist and academic (born 1923) • 2005Bob Denver, American actor (born 1935) • 2006Bob Mathias, American decathlete and politician (born 1930) • 2006 – Willi Ninja, American dancer and choreographer (born 1961) • 2006 – Dewey Redman, American saxophonist (born 1931) • 2007Franz-Benno Delonge, German game designer, created TransAmerica (born 1957) • 2007 – Max McNab, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1924) • 2008Bill Melendez, Mexican-American animator, director, producer, and voice actor (born 1916) • 2008 – Alan Waddell, Australian walker • 2009Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, Indian politician, 14th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (born 1949) • 2011Roberto Bruce, Chilean journalist (born 1979) • 2011 – Felipe Camiroaga, Chilean television presenter (born 1966) • 2012Mark Abrahamian, American guitarist (born 1966) • 2012 – Jack Boucher, American photographer and director (born 1931) • 2012 – John C. Marshall, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1941) • 2012 – Emmanuel Nunes, Portuguese-French composer and educator (born 1941) • 2013Valérie Benguigui, French actress and director (born 1965) • 2013 – Terry Clawson, English rugby player and coach (born 1940) • 2013 – Ronald Coase, English-American economist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1910) • 2013 – David Jacobs, English radio and television host (born 1926) • 2013 – Frederik Pohl, American author and publisher (born 1919) • 2013 – Paul Scoon, Grenadian politician, 2nd Governor-General of Grenada (born 1935) • 2014 – F. Emmett Fitzpatrick, American lawyer and politician, 20th District Attorney of Philadelphia (born 1930) • 2014 – Norman Gordon, South African cricketer (born 1911) • 2014 – Helena Rakoczy, Polish gymnast (born 1921) • 2014 – Goolam Essaji Vahanvati, Indian lawyer and politician, 13th Attorney General of India (born 1949) • 2015Ephraim Engleman, American rheumatologist, author, and academic (born 1911) • 2016Jerry Heller, American music manager (born 1940) • 2016 – Islam Karimov, Uzbek politician, 1st President of Uzbekistan (born 1938) • 2018Claire Wineland, American activist and author (born 1997) • 2021Siddharth Shukla, Indian TV and film actor (born 1980) • 2021 – Mikis Theodorakis, Greek composer (born 1925) • 2022Frank Drake, American radio astronomer and astrophysicist (born 1930) • 2022 – T. V. Sankaranarayanan, Indian Carnatic vocalist (born 1945) • 2024James Darren, American actor (born 1936) • 2024 – Rodolfo Hernández Suárez, Colombian politician (born 1945) ==Holidays and observances==
Holidays and observances
• Christian feast day: • Acepsimas of Hnaita and companions (Syriac Orthodox Church) • Agricola of AvignonAntoninus of PamiersBrocardCastor of AptDiomedesEleazarHieu (abbess)Ingrid of SwedenJustus of LyonMargaret of LouvainMaxima of RomeNonnosusWilliam of RoskildeSeptember 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)Democracy Day (Tibet) • Independence Day (Transnistria, unrecognized) • Independence Day (Artsakh, unrecognized) • National Blueberry Popsicle Day (United States) • National Day, celebrates the independence of Vietnam from Japan and France in 1945 • Victory over Japan Day (United States) ==References==
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