World War II The history of the 82nd Operations Group goes back to 13 January 1942, when the War Department constituted the
82nd Pursuit Group (Interceptor). The 82nd was activated at
Harding Field, Louisiana on 9 February 1942. From February 1942 to 9 September 1945, the primary components of the group were the
95th,
96th and
97th Pursuit Squadrons. At the end of April 1942, when it had sufficient personnel and equipment, the 82nd moved to
Muroc Army Air Field, California, and started formation flying and gunnery and bombing training with
Lockheed P-38 Lightning aircraft. Half of the first class of
flying sergeant enlisted pilots served with the 82nd. In May the War Department redesignated the unit as the
82nd Fighter Group (Two Engine). The group left California in September and arrived in Northern Ireland in October where it received additional training. At about the same time, the
Allies launched
Operation Torch, the invasion of French North Africa. By December 1942,
Axis forces had repelled the Allied advance, and the long winter campaign had begun. It was at this time that the group moved to North Africa to serve with
Twelfth Air Force. Between Christmas and New Year's Day, the 82nd operated from
Tafaraoui Airfield, Algeria, to protect two convoys in an anti-submarine patrol. On 1 January 1943, the air echelon moved to
Telergma Airport, Algeria, where it was joined by the ground echelon in February 1943. The 82nd soon distinguished itself in dogfights with enemy fighters while escorting bombers over
Gabes,
Sfax,
Tunis,
Bizerte,
Kairouan, Sardinia, and other points. On 20 March 1943, while escorting
North American B-25 Mitchells in a sea search off
Cape Bon, a group of P-38s engaged the enemy in an air battle. Even though they were outnumbered by 50 enemy fighters, the 82nd emerged with 11 confirmed kills, 2 probables, and 2 damaged, while not losing a single bomber. In April 1943, the group moved to Tunis to take part in the final phase of the
Tunisian Campaign. On 11 April it destroyed 32
Junkers Ju 52s during a fighter sweep against enemy transport planes that were coming from Italy to supply the crumbling
Afrika Korps. The group scored hits on 14 April during a bombing mission on a large transport off Cape Zebid and on 8 May executed a bombing attack on the airdrome at
Pantelleria. The Tunisian campaign ended in May 1943. Between December 1942 and May 1943, the 82nd Fighter Group flew 152 combat missions and 2,439 combat sorties. While escorting B-25, B-26, and B-17 bombers on 1,880 sorties, the group encountered 751 enemy aircraft, destroyed 199 of them, and lost 64 P-38s. From July to August 1943, the 82nd engaged in the
Allied invasion of Sicily while supporting bomber raids against
Naples on 17 July and participating in the first raid on
Rome on 19 July. It flew 191 combat missions in this period. The missions amounted to 3,335 combat sorties; escorted 2,987 B-25 and 382 B-26s; and engaged in 57 skip and dive bombing attacks. [Needs clarification.] The 82nd destroyed 78 enemy planes, had 17 probables, and damaged 56, while losing only 11 P-38s. On 25 August, it conducted a low level strafing attack against enemy aircraft concentrations at
Foggia, Italy for which it received a
Distinguished Unit Citation(DUC). Just over a week later, the group was awarded a second DUC for its actions in protecting a group of bombers that encountered strong enemy opposition in an attack on marshalling yards near Naples. During the invasion of Italy by the
United States Fifth Army, between 6 and 18 September 1943, the group patrolled the beachhead at
Salerno where the pilots flew a round-the-clock schedule, dive-bombing enemy transports, communications, and gun positions. They also flew low altitude reconnaissance missions through the Foggia area reporting crucial enemy activities. The movement of the 82nd to Italy and its assignment to
Fifteenth Air Force was part of the airpower buildup to provide fighter protection for the bombers of the Fifteenth Air Force, when they strafed and bombed Axis oil targets. From January 1944 until May 1945, the P-38s of the 82nd Fighter Group struck oil centers at
Ploiești in Romania,
Blechhammer in Poland,
Vienna in Austria,
Dubova in Czechoslovakia, as well as in Hungary, France, and Yugoslavia. On 10 June 1944, the 82nd participated in one of the most daring strikes of the war, bombing the Romano-Americano oil refineries at Ploiești, the most heavily defended target on the continent. The group was awarded a third DUC for this mission, in which it braved head-on attacks by enemy interceptors. The 82nd engaged in another spectacular episode when it used a single-seat fighter aircraft for the first time to rescue a downed fighter pilot on enemy soil. On 4 August 1944, while on a strafing mission against the airdrome at
Focsani, Rumania, the aircraft flown by Capt E. Willsie was hit by ground fire. A veteran of 60 missions, Willsie radioed his position to the formation, crash-landed his plane, demolished it, and then hitched a ride in the lap of Second Lieutenant Richard T. Andrews, who had landed his P-38 in a pasture to rescue Willsie. On 7 Nov 1944 in the
Niš incident P-38s of the 82rd Fighter Group became involved in a friendly fire incident with the 886th Aviation regiment of the
Red Air Force; and had three casualties:Lt Coulson of 43-28662 Lt Brewer of 44-24035 both killed and Captain King forced to land at the Nis Airfield with a damaged plane 44-24392. When the war in Europe ended in May 1945, the 82nd Fighter Group remained in Italy until it was inactivated on 9 September 1945.
Strategic Air Command On 12 April 1947, the War Department activated the 82nd Fighter Group at
Grenier Field, New Hampshire and assigned it to
Strategic Air Command (SAC). The group was outfitted with
North American P-51 Mustang aircraft, and it trained in long range fighter and fighter escort operations. A few months later the Air Force decided to test the wing-base (
Hobson Plan) organization. Under this plan, combat wings were established. On 15 August, the 82nd Fighter Group became a subordinate component of the
82nd Fighter Wing. The test continued until 1 August 1948, by which time the Air Force had decided to adopt this type of organization as its standard. As a result, on 1 August, the 82nd Fighter Wing was discontinued, and the Air Force activated a permanent 82nd Fighter Wing, still with the 82nd Fighter Group assigned as a subordinate organization. In August 1949, the wing and its components were transferred from SAC to
Continental Air Command.The group continued to operate at Grenier until its inactivation on 2 October 1949.
Air Defense Command In 1955, the Air Force redesignated the unit as the
82nd Fighter Group (Air Defense) and activated it at
New Castle Air Force Base, Delaware, where it assumed the personnel and equipment of the inactivating
525th Air Defense Group as part of
Air Defense Command (ADC)'s Project Arrow, which was designed to bring back on the active list the fighter units which had compiled memorable records in the two world wars. It was assigned to ADC's
4710th Air Defense Wing. Its operational squadrons were the 96th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which was transferred from the 525th Air Defense Group, and the 97th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which moved from
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio without personnel or equipment and replaced the
332nd Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, since another goal of Project Arrow was to reunited fighter squadrons with their traditional headquarters. Both Squadrons flew
F-94C Starfire interceptors. Its primary mission was to provide air defense for the northeastern United States. It also acted as the host base organization for the USAF portion of New Castle Airport and was assigned several support units to fulfil this mission. In 1957, ADC reduced its forces, and the 82nd was inactivated on 8 January 1958.
Pilot training On 15 December 1991, the group was redesignated the
82nd Operations Group and activated at
Williams Air Force Base, Arizona as a result of the 82 Flying Training Wing implementing the USAF objective wing organization. The group was assigned all the flying units of the 82nd Wing. In 1991 Congress approved the second round of base closures, as identified by the
Base Realignment and Closure Commission. On that list was Williams The base was to cease operation as of 30 September 1993. As a result, the 82nd Operations Group was inactivated on 31 March 1993. ==Lineage==