Early life Sadulayev was born into the Biltoy branch of the Ustradoi
teip, an influential clan in the town of
Argun on the plains of central Chechnya to the east of
Grozny. After growing up in Argun, he entered Grozny's
university to study Chechen and Russian
philology, but had to break off his studies as the
First Chechen War with the
Russian Federation broke out in 1994. He joined an Argun
militia to fight against the Russians as a volunteer fighter. Sadulayev also studied Islam under local Islamic
theologians, and from 1996 began appearing regularly on Chechen television speaking about Islam. He lectured across Chechnya, and eventually ended up leading Argun's Muslim community as the town's
Imam. Sadulayev made the
Hajj pilgrimage to
Mecca, the only time he is known to have left his homeland. Sadulayev became the leader of the only Argun
jamaat in his city, which was known to carry out
missionary activities, as well as policing the neighborhoods. Apart from their religious & civil functions, most of the jamaats in Chechnya also represented military detachments formed to guard villages and towns against the Russian Military and bandits alike. During a standoff between a group of foreign radicals and Chechen authorities in 1998, Sadulayev sided against Khabib Abdurrakhman, a Jordanian leader of a small Foreign/Chechen jamaat who was amassing a militia & advocating extreme violence against Russian and Non-Islamic Chechen peoples alike. After these events, Abdurrakhman was stripped of his Chechen citizenship and declared
persona non grata in Chechnya; he died in 2001 while fighting in one of the jamaats as a regular soldier. In 1999,
Aslan Maskhadov appointed Sadulayev to a commission for constitutional
Sharia reform, a commission then headed by
Akhmad Kadyrov, who would later reject the rebels and embrace
Moscow. Maskhadov offered Sadulaev the position of the head of the Supreme Sharia Court of Chechnya, but Sadulaev turned down the offer, explaining that he did not have sufficient clerical knowledge to judge other people. When the
Second Chechen War started Sadulayev again returned to fighting, commanding the popular militia from
Argun. Since 1999, Sadulaev had been one of Maskhadov's most loyal field commanders. In 2005, he was designated by Maskhadov to be his successor as president of
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
Presidency Shortly following Maskhadov's death on 8 March 2005, the Chechen rebel council announced that Sadulayev had assumed Maskhadov's position, a move that was quickly endorsed by
Shamil Basayev, the Chechens' highest-profile
guerrilla commander. After assuming power, Sadulayev called for expanding the Chechnya conflict into a "
decolonization" of Muslim-dominated adjoining regions and adoption of a
constitution based on Islamic law, or Sharia. He also strongly condemned
hostage takings and said that after the end of the war the new president should be
democratically elected. Sadulayev had not only an ideological commitment to maintaining the conflict, but perhaps a personal one as well. Chechen insurgent sources claim that his wife was kidnapped in 2003 by Russian
spetsnaz forces and killed by the
FSB when attempts to buy her back failed. He had worked to eliminate terrorist violence and urged Basayev and other warlords to direct attacks on "legitimate targets" (including law enforcement
officials,
federal troops and local
civil servants and their offices), and stressed that attacks on such targets should avoid injuring
civilians. In February 2006, Sadulayev announced a
cabinet reshuffle targeting several top rebel representatives living abroad, including
Akhmed Zakayev, who was dismissed as deputy prime minister. Sadulayev also signed a decree ordering all his ministers to be based in Chechnya.
Death On 17 June 2006, Sadulayev was killed in a gun battle with the FSB and pro-Moscow militiamen in Argun. According to the FSB chief
Nikolai Patrushev, two members of the federal forces were killed and five were wounded in a firefight in which Sadulayev and his
bodyguard were killed, and two other rebels escaped. In August 2006, rebel commander
Isa Muskiev said the federals and the
kadyrovtsy lost five men killed in the shootout, one of them shot by Sadulayev personally, and three fighters escaped. The body was later moved to
Ramzan Kadyrov's hometown of
Tsentoroi. Kadyrov said an informant had tipped off police for drug money. Kadyrov said that his
paramilitary police had wanted to capture Sadulayev but were forced to kill him when he resisted arrest, and also stated Sadulayev was in Argun organizing "a big terrorist attack" to coincide with the
Group of Eight summit in
St. Petersburg to take place in July. The killing of Sheikh Abdul Halim was mentioned by leaders of the Moscow-backed official government of the province, claiming that the separatist forces there had been dealt a "
decapitating" blow "from which they will never recover." The next day, 18 June, Sadulayev was succeeded as head of the Chechen
resistance by the rebel vice-president and an active guerrilla commander
Dokka Umarov. On 20 June 2006, the Russian
human rights organization
Memorial posted the findings of its investigation on the
Kavkazky Uzel website. According to Memorial's version, Sadulayev's death was accidental; security officials did not know that he was in the house. Memorial reports that on 17 June, about 10:00 a.m., a group of 12 FSB officers and local policemen approached a possible rebel
safe house. They immediately came under gunfire as they entered the yard. Two of the servicemen were killed, and the group retreated after throwing a
hand grenade into a window of the house. The grenade blast killed Abdul-Halim. This version is contradicted by the official account. ==References==