Abila (Peraea)

Abel-Shittim, Hebrew meaning "Meadow of the Acacias", is found only in the Book of Numbers (); but Ha-Shittim (Hebrew meaning "The Acacias"), evidently the same place, is mentioned in Numbers, Joshua, and Micah (, , ). It was the forty-second and last encampment of the Israelites, associated with the infamous Baal-peor incident with the Midianites (). It was also the final headquarters of Joshua before he crossed the Jordan (). The location is transliterated as Shittim in the English Standard Version, Geneva Bible, Jerusalem Bible, King James Version, New International Version and New Revised Standard Version. The Complete Jewish Bible and Orthodox Jewish Bible both translate as Sheetim. The Good News Translation has Acacia Valley and the New King James Version has Acacia Grove. The place is mentioned as a-bi-il-šiṭ-ṭi along with Gilead and described as "the border of the land Bīt Ḫumria (Israel)" in the royal annals of Tiglath-Pileser III. Identification Abel-Shittim is identified with the area around Tall el-Hammam, in the Late Bronze Age. ==Josephus' Abila (1st century CE)==

Josephus stated that there was in his time a town, Abila, "full of palm trees", at a distance of sixty stadia () from the Jordan, and described it as the spot where Moses delivered the exhortations of Deuteronomy. Pliny commented on how the dates of Livias were of high quality both juicy and sweet. Theodosius also praised the dates of Livias stating "it has there some great Nicolas dates" (ibi habet dactalum Nicolaum maiorem). The Madaba Map also depicts the date palms still growing in the area of Livias-Betharamtha in the sixth century AD. During the First Jewish-Roman War, Abila was captured by the Roman Imperial army, and was used by them to resettle deserters who had joined the Roman ranks. Identification The archaeological site of Tell el-Hammam near Abila is identified by some as Livias. Date palms still grow at the edge of Tell el-Hammam. ==See also==