The first seat of the Congregation from 1585 to 1622 was the church of Santa Maria ad Martires, better known as the
Pantheon. Successive relocations were to the church of San Paolino alla Colonna (1622–52),
Santa Cecilia in Trastevere (1652–61), San Nicola dei Cesarini (1661–1663), Chiesa della Maddalena (1663–85), and, finally,
San Carlo ai Catinari in 1685. , seated in the foreground, holds a mandolone During the first century of existence, the Congregation was the
workshop of a number of prominent musicians and composers of the day, including
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. The institution in that period was often in rivalry with the other important musical organization of Papal Rome of the day, the
Sistine Choir. Rivalry centred on the rights to control access to the musical profession, to train musicians, and to publish music. The rivalry never really ended and can be said to have lasted through the entire existence of the
Papal States, that is, until 1870, when the "temporal power of the Church" was ended by military action of the new nation state of Italy. The early 18th century is considered to have been a particularly glorious time for the Accademia. Among names associated with the organization during that period are
Arcangelo Corelli,
Alessandro and
Domenico Scarlatti, and
Niccolò Jommelli. In 1716,
Pope Clement XI decreed that all musicians practising their profession in Rome were required to become members of the Congregation. The Accademia suspended operations during the revolutionary period of the
Napoleonic Wars but opened regularly again in 1822 a few years after the
Restoration brought about by the
Congress of Vienna. The years between that reopening and the end of the Papal States in 1870 were ones of great change. The organization opened its membership to hitherto excluded categories, such as dancers, poets, music historians, musical instrument makers, and music publishers. In 1838, the Congregation of Santa Cecilia was officially proclaimed an academy and then a Papal Academy. The list of active and honorary members of the Accademia during that period is formidable and includes
Cherubini,
Mercadante,
Donizetti,
Rossini,
Paganini,
Auber,
Liszt,
Mendelssohn,
Berlioz,
Gounod, and
Meyerbeer. Among the
crowned heads of Europe who were honorary members was
Queen Victoria. After the unification of Italy, the Accademia reestablished itself with the formation of a permanent symphony orchestra and choir, beginning in 1895. It went from being the seat of a
Liceo musicale—a music "high school"—to being a full-blown conservatory; also, it hosts the "Eleonora Duse" Drama School, as well as a centre for experimental cinema. The most recent innovation has been the digitisation and cataloguing of centuries of musical documents—including an important collection of traditional music in the
ethnomusicological archives—and their preservation and eventual display in the Accademia's
multimedia library and
archive also available to the public online. The Accademia also maintains a
musical instruments museum (the MUSA). == Alumni ==