Akhtar Mansur

Mansur was born in . in any case, both the Alizai and the Ishaqzai are of the Durrani line of Pashtuns. According to the Taliban, Mansoor was educated at a village mosque and joined primary school at about the age of seven. An undamaged Pakistani passport in the name of "Wali Muhammad" was recovered near the burned-out car at the scene of the drone attack that killed him; the passport is believed to have belonged to Mansur. ==Soviet war and mujahideen era==

Sometime in 1985, he joined the jihadi war against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, participating in the Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi group. During the same time Mohammad Omar was a commander of an organization within Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi. Mansur participated in the war against the Soviet military within Maiwand, Sang-e-Hessar, Zangawat and other parts of the city, and the Pashmul area of the Panjwai district, under the command of Mohammad Hassan Akhond, apparently commanded by him at least while fighting at the last location. During 1987 he was apparently injured, sustaining 13 separate wounds while stationed at Sanzary area of Panjwai district in Kandahar, according to the Taliban. Known as one of the prominent warriors, Mansur joined the Maulvi Obaidullah Ishaqzai group in 1987 but later Ishaqzai surrendered to Nur ul-Haq Ulumi, now the interior minister. Soon afterwards, he migrated to Quetta in Pakistan. After the war, Mansur resumed his religious education in different seminaries and later shifted to Peshawar, Pakistan, where he joined Jamia Mohammadia at the Jalozai Refugee camp. He was a student at Darul Uloom Haqqania madrassa. He was apparently a popular student, during his time at the madrassa from 1994 to 1995, located within the Jalozai refugee camp for Afghans near Peshawar, according to Afghan journalist Sami Yousafzai, who met him during that time. ==Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan==

After the capture of Kandahar airport he was appointed as director general, or otherwise termed, security officer in charge, of the Kandahar airport, a role which encompassed both the air force and air-defence systems of Kandahar. After the taking of Kabul during 1996 he was made director of Ariana airlines, and additionally Minister of the Emirate for aviation and tourism, by Mohammed Omar, within the Taliban's Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, together with his overseeing the Emirates' air force and air-defence systems, from his additional appointment as head of these within the ministry of defence. Notably, while minister, Mansur organized 24-hour flight services within Afghanistan, thereby organizing the provision of facilities for Muslims to go to Mecca as Hajj via air-flight. During 1996, Mullah Omar appointed Farid Ahmed to station manager of Ariana airlines. During 1997, when the Taliban tried unsuccessfully to capture the northern city of Mazar-e-Sharif, Mansur was captured by an Uzbek warlord. For two months he remained there as a prisoner of war, before Mohammed Omar negotiated his release in a prisoner swap. During 1998, the Mullah visited Frankfurt, Germany, and Prague, Czech Republic, during a 25-day trip visit to the unofficial envoy to Europe at the time, Mullah Nek Muhammad: After the conclusion of the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814, Mansur was reported, by Anand Arni, a former officer with the Indian organisation Research & Analysis Wing, as being seen embracing Maulana Masood Azhar, the then leader of Jaish-e-Mohammed. In 2001, he surrendered to the Afghan President Hamid Karzai to ask for amnesty. He was forgiven after which he returned to his home district. However, American forces, refusing to believe he and other senior Taliban commanders had given up fighting, conducted a series of night raids to capture him after which he fled to Pakistan, where he helped to shape the Taliban as an insurgent organisation. In a previously secret state communication of the U.S. government in 2006, Akhtar Mansur was listed as the 23rd member of the Taliban (with the late Mohammed Omar as the first member). ==2007 and later==

Quetta Shura and Taliban insurgency According to leaked material, Mansur attended a meeting dated 24 August 2007 with other senior Taliban officials, so that he and those others present might discuss and organize a potential suicide bombing and bombing campaign upon the areas of Kandahar and the Helmand Province, and also particularly focused on killing Ahmad Wali Karzai and Hamid Karzai. ==2011==

Listed by the United Nations for sanctioning In a communique published 29 November 2011, the Mullah was identified with the reference number TI.M.11.01. as an individual associated with the Taliban and accordingly was made pursuant to sanctions, as of 25 January 2001, and those sanctioned were to have any available assets frozen, to be banned from traveling and to be subject to an arms embargo. ==2013 – June 2015==

Wahid Muzhda is quoted as saying of Mansur: A fact which is corroborated by an additional report, which states the office was in Doha, Qatar. According to a 2014 report, Mansur, together with Abdul Qayum Zakir and Gul Agha Ishakzai, were involved in fighting over control of a major opium-producing area (land of Maiwand District) against a co-founder of the Taliban movement, Abdul Ghani Baradar. An article published on 12 March 2015 said Mansur and Abdul Qayum Zakir, who were long-term rivals, had met together in order to find an agreement and at the meeting had slaughtered sheep for a feast. The article stated Mansur was in favour of initiating so-called talks with Afghani government officials at the time, but was unable to make any progress in his own direction due to opposition from Zakir to the opening of a dialogue with the Afghan government. According to one report, dated 17 March 2015, Mansur was at that time deputy ''amir al-mu'minin'', military leader and head of the shura of Quetta. Mansur wrote a letter to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, on behalf of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, released on 16 June 2015, to express his concerns of the potential for a negative influence of ISIS upon Afghan Talibans' progress, since ISIS activities might pose a risk of causing "multiplicity" within forces of the jihad of Afghanistan. The letter, appealing to the unity of "religious brotherhood", requests al-Baghdadi might extend "goodwill" to the Taliban, which "doesn't want to see interference in its affairs". The letter was written in Pashto and released within the Voice of Jihad site. Additionally, the letter shows Mansur considered the late (Sheikhs) Abdullah Azzam and Osama bin Laden, the late Abu Musab al Zarqawi and Ibn al-Khattab, to be heroes. In addition the letter expresses recognition of the support to the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, of "famous religious scholars", of these he provides (Sheikh) Hamud bin Uqla al Shuaybi as an example. ==July 2015 – May 2016==

Leader of the Taliban Akhtar Mansur was elected leader of the Taliban organisation on 29 July 2015. The results were announced on Thursday 30 July. Internal dissent Taliban splinter group Fidai Mahaz claimed Mohammed Omar was assassinated in a coup led by Akhtar Mansur and Gul Agha. Mansoor Dadullah, a Taliban commander and the brother of former senior commander Dadullah, also claimed that Omar had been assassinated. Mohammad Yaqoob, Omar's eldest son, denied that his father had been killed, insisting that he died of natural causes. A Taliban communique published 30 July 2015 said that Omar had died in hospital. Mullah Mansur is said to have "closely kept the secret that Mullah Omar had been dead" despite the leaking of a report of Omar's death in 2013. Features of Mansur's leadership Mansur announced one of his deputies to be Sirajuddin Haqqani. Mansur is thought to have had dealings of some kind with the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence. Sometime in August, Mansur sent a delegation to meetings with officials of the Afghan government, which was subsequently "hailed as a breakthrough". A Security Council report, dated to the immediate September after Mansur's inauguration, showed he, as the new leader, was unwilling to engage in negotiations for the purposes of assuring peace. Communications According to a report published on 5 November 2015, Mansur stated his opinion that modern education was a "necessity". Mansur released his first communication as leader of the Taliban on 1 August 2015 as part of a 30-minute (or 33-minute, according to Al Jazeera) video release: Mansur stated his position with regards to peace talks; the suggestion of his being willing to engage in peace talks as "enemy propaganda". The website of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan published a biography of Mansur when he became Emir. ==Death==

On 21 May 2016, Mansur was killed in a U.S. military drone strike on the N-40 National Highway in Pakistan near Ahmad Wal, not far from the Pakistan–Afghanistan border; Mansur had crossed earlier that day from Iran into Pakistan through the Taftan, Balochistan border crossing, some away from the spot where he was killed. Mansur was being driven to Quetta, after a long stay in Iran, reportedly to both visit family and seek medical treatment. against the Toyota Corolla, which was struck by two Hellfire missiles launched by Reaper drones. The following day, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry announced that the United States had "conducted a precision airstrike that targeted Taliban leader Mullah Mansour in a remote area of the Afghanistan-Pakistan border" against Mansur that had likely killed him, and stated that Mansur "posed a continuing, imminent threat" to U.S. personnel and Afghans. Kerry said that the leaders of both Pakistan and Afghanistan were made aware of the airstrike but did not comment on the timing of the notifications, which he said included a telephone call from him to Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Obama stated afterwards that he had hoped Mansur's death would lead to the Taliban joining a peace process. The death of Mansur was also later officially confirmed separately by the Afghan government and members of the Taliban. The strike that killed Mansur was a rare instance of a U.S. drone strike in Balochistan; U.S. strikes in Pakistan were more generally limited to the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Two senior members of the Taliban said that Pakistani authorities had delivered Mansur's badly burned body to the Taliban for its burial in Quetta, Balochistan. Pakistani officials, however, denied handing over a body. Succession and impact Mansur was succeeded as Taliban leader by Hibatullah Akhundzada. Some U.S. officials had been divided over Mansur's intentions. Some believed that Mansur could have brought the Taliban to the negotiating table, potentially speeding up the reconciliation process; others, by contrast, "were highly skeptical of Mansour's commitment to talks," noting that Mansur had a long history of authorizing suicide attacks, including in the weeks before the drone strike (such as the April 2016 Kabul attack, which killed more than 60 people), and that even as Mansur was agreeing to secret direct peace negotiations, he had rejected international peace efforts. According to the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism, U.S. officials stated that Mullah Mansur's death was "unavoidable" due to the then Emir being unwilling to engage in peace talks. ==Timeline==

The following is a list of reported information: • Born sometime during either 1960, 1963, 1965 or 1968. • Appointed to the Quetta Shura sometime during 2007. ==Notes==