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Seventy disciples

The seventy disciples, known in the Eastern Christian traditions as the seventy apostles, were early emissaries of Jesus mentioned in the Gospel of Luke. The number of those disciples varies between either 70 or 72 depending on the manuscript.

Analysis
This is the only mention of the group in the Bible. The number is seventy in some manuscripts of the Alexandrian (such as Codex Sinaiticus) and Caesarean text traditions but seventy-two in most other Alexandrian and Western texts. Samuel Dickey Gordon notes that they were sent out as thirty-five deputations of two each. The number may derive from the seventy nations of Genesis 10 or the many other occurrences of the number seventy in the Bible, or the seventy-two translators of the Septuagint from the Letter of Aristeas. In translating the Vulgate, Jerome selected the reading of seventy-two. The Gospel of Luke is not alone among the synoptic gospels in containing multiple episodes in which Jesus sends out his followers on missions. The first occasion () is closely based on the "limited commission" mission in , which, however, recounts the sending out of the twelve apostles, rather than seventy, though with similar details. The report of the second commission is likely a Lukan construct. The text has parallels with the Gospel of Thomas, which is likely dependent on Lukan redaction in 14.4. Luke also mentions the Great Commission to "all nations" () but in less detail than Matthew's account, and mentions the Dispersion of the Apostles. What has been said to the seventy (two) in is referred in passing to the Twelve in : == Feast days ==
Feast days
The feast day commemorating the seventy is known as the "Synaxis of the Seventy Disciples" in Eastern Orthodoxy, and is celebrated on January 4. Each of the seventy disciples also has individual commemorations scattered throughout the liturgical year (see Eastern Orthodox Church calendar). ==Lists of the disciples' names==
Lists of the disciples' names
Attributed to Hippolytus A Greek text titled On the Seventy Apostles of Christ is known from several manuscripts, the oldest in Codex Baroccianus 206, a ninth-century palimpsest lectionary. • James the Lord's brother, bishop of JerusalemCleopas, bishop of Jerusalem • Matthias, who supplied the vacant place in the number of the twelve apostles • Thaddeus, who conveyed the epistle to Augarus (Abgar V) • Ananias, who baptized Paul, and was bishop of DamascusStephen, the first martyr • Philip, who baptized the Ethiopian eunuchProchorus, bishop of Nicomedia, who also was the first that departed, 11 believing together with his daughters • Nicanor died when Stephen was martyred • Timon, bishop of BostraParmenas, bishop of Soli (either in Cyprus or in Asia Minor) . • Nicolaus, bishop of SamariaBarnabas, bishop of MilanMark the Evangelist, bishop of AlexandriaLuke the Evangelist • : These two [Mark and Luke] belonged to the seventy disciples who were scattered by the offence of the word which Christ spoke, "Except a man eat my flesh, and drink my blood, he is not worthy of me." But the one being induced to return to the Lord by Peter's instrumentality, and the other by Paul's, they were honored to preach that Gospel on account of which they also suffered martyrdom, the one being burned, and the other being crucified on an olive tree. • Silas, bishop of CorinthSilvanus, bishop of ThessalonicaCrisces (Crescens), bishop of Carchedon in GalatiaEpænetus, bishop of CarthageAndronicus, bishop of PannoniaAmplias, bishop of OdessusUrban, bishop of MacedoniaStachys, bishop of ByzantiumBarnabas, bishop of HeracleaPhygellus, bishop of Ephesus. He was of the party also of Simon • Hermogenes. He, too, was of the same mind with the former • Demas, who also became a priest of idols • Apelles, bishop of SmyrnaAristobulus, bishop of BritainNarcissus, bishop of AthensHerodion, bishop of TarsusAgabus the prophet • Rufus, bishop of ThebesAsyncritus, bishop of HyrcaniaPhlegon, bishop of MarathonHermes, bishop of Dalmatia • Patrobulus, bishop of PuteoliHermas, bishop of Philippopolis (Thrace)Linus, bishop of RomeCaius, bishop of Ephesus • Philologus, bishop of Sinope • Olympus and ... • ...Rhodion were martyred in RomeLucius, bishop of Laodicea in SyriaJason, bishop of TarsusSosipater, bishop of IconiumTertius, bishop of Iconium • Erastus, bishop of PaneasQuartus, bishop of BerytusApollos, bishop of CæsareaCephas, bishop of Iconium of ColophonSosthenes, bishop of ColophoniaTychicus, bishop of Colophonia • Epaphroditus, bishop of Andriaca (there are at least two ancient towns called Andriaca, one in Thrace and one in Asia Minor), • Cæsar, bishop of DyrrachiumMark, cousin to Barnabas, bishop of ApolloniaJustus, bishop of EleutheropolisArtemas, bishop of LystraClement, bishop of SardisOnesiphorus, bishop of CoroneTychicus, bishop of ChalcedonCarpus, bishop of Berytus in ThraceEvodius, bishop of AntiochAristarchus, bishop of ApameaMark, who is also John, bishop of ByblosZenas, bishop of DiospolisPhilemon, bishop of GazaAristarchus, bishop of ApameaPudesTrophimus, who was martyred along with Paul Book of the Bee Similar to an earlier list attributed to Irenaeus, Bishop Solomon of Basra of the Church of the East in the 13th century Book of the Bee offers the following list: • James, the son of Joseph • Simon the son of Cleopas • Cleopas, his father • JosesSimonJudah • Barnabas • Manaeus (?) • Ananias, who baptised Paul • Cephas, who preached at Antioch • Joseph the senatorNicodemus the ArchonNathaniel the chief scribe • Justus, that is Joseph, who is called BarshabbâSilas • Judah • John, surnamed MarkMnason, who received Paul • Manaël, the foster-brother of Herod • Simon called NigerJason, who is (mentioned) in the Acts (of the apostles) • Rufus • Alexander • Simon the Cyrenian, their father • Lucius the Cyrenian • Another Judah, who is mentioned in the Acts (of the apostles) • Judah, who is called Simon • Eurion (Orion) the splay-footed • Thôrus (?) • Thorîsus (?) • Zabdon • Zakron • : These are the seven who were chosen with Stephen: • Philip the Evangelist, who had three daughters that used to prophesy • StephenProchorusNicanorTimonParmenasNicolaus, the Antiochian proselyte • : [the next three are listed with the preceding seven] • Andronicus the Greek • TitusTimothy • : These are the five who were with Peter in Rome: • Hermas [of Philippopolis] • Plîgtâ • PatrobasAsyncritusHermas [of Dalmatia] • : These are the six [sic; seven names follow] who came with Peter to Cornelius: • Criscus (Crescens) • Milichus • Kîrîțôn (Crito) • Simon • Gaius, who received Paul • Abrazon (?) • Apollos • : These are the twelve who were rejected from among the seventy, as Judas Iscariot was from among the twelve, because they absolutely denied our Lord's divinity at the instigation of Cerinthus. Of these Luke [recte 1 John] said, "They went out from us, but they were not of us;" and Paul called them "false apostles and deceitful workers". • :# Simon • :# Levi • :# Bar-Ḳubbâ • :# Cleon • :# Hymenaeus • :# Candarus • :# Clithon (?) • :# Demas • :# Narcissus • :# Slikîspus (?) • :# Thaddaeus • :# Mârûthâ • : In their stead there came in these: • Luke the physician • Apollos the elect • AmpeliusUrbanusStachys • Popillius (or Publius) • Aristobulus • Stephen (not the Corinthian) • Herodion the son of Narcissus • OlympasMark the EvangelistAddaiAggai • Mâr Mârî Others Other lists are • One attributed to Dorotheus of Tyre, completed some time before AD 811. • One attributed to Epiphanius of Salamis Matthias, who would later replace Judas Iscariot as one of the twelve apostles, is also often numbered among the seventy. Some accounts of the legendary Saint Mantius of Évora regard him as one of the disciples, having witnessed the Last Supper and Pentecost. ==See also==
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