Formation It was formed in 1881 by the amalgamation of the
91st (Princess Louise's Argyllshire) Regiment and the
93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment as outlined in the
Childers Reforms. The regiment was one of the six Scottish line infantry regiments, and wore the
Sutherland district
tartan (Government No. 1A) as its
regimental tartan; this is a lightened version of the Black Watch (Government No. 1) sett. The unit also had the largest
cap badge in the British Army. The uniform included the
Glengarry as its ceremonial headdress. At the Childers Reforms amalgamation, the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders already had a well-earned reputation for valour in the face of the enemy, most notably the 93rd (later 2nd Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) during the Crimean War. Here, the 93rd earned the sobriquet of "The Fighting Highlanders" and carried with it the status of having been the original "
Thin Red Line". This title was bestowed following the action of the 93rd at Balaklava on 25 October 1854 in which this single battalion alone stood between the undefended British Army base at Balaklava and four squadrons of charging Russian cavalry. The 93rd, under the command of
Sir Colin Campbell, not only held steady, but for the first time in the history of the British Army, broke a large cavalry charge using musket fire alone, without having been formed into a square. This action was witnessed by the
Times correspondent
William Howard Russell, who reported that nothing stood between the Russian cavalry and the defenceless British base but the "thin red streak tipped with a line of steel of the 93rd" a description immediately paraphrased and passed into folklore as "The Thin Red Line". Later referred to by Kipling in his evocative poem "
Tommy", the saying came to epitomise everything the British Army stood for. This feat of arms is still recognised by the plain red and white dicing worn on the cap band of the A and SH Glengarry bonnets.
Second Boer War . The 1st Battalion arrived in the
Cape in November 1899 and formed part of the
3rd or Highland Brigade. The Argylls played leading roles in the
Battle of Modder River, the
Battle of Magersfontein, the
Battle of Paardeberg, and in an action at Roodepoort immediately preceding the Battle of
Doornkop. In June 1900, the battalion was transferred to a new brigade under Brigadier General George Cunningham. They operated around
Pretoria and from April 1901, in the Eastern
Transvaal. Sections of Argylls formed parts of the 2nd and 12th Battalions
Mounted Infantry, and a detachment, along with the
Black Watch, formed an escort for Captain J. E. Bearcroft's naval guns during the advance to Pretoria. In 1908, the Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally, with the former becoming the
Territorial Force and the latter the
Special Reserve; the regiment now had two Reserve and five Territorial battalions.
First World War Regular Army The 1st Battalion landed at
Le Havre as part of the
81st Brigade in the
27th Division in December 1914 for service on the
Western Front. The 2nd Battalion landed at
Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the
19th Brigade, which was operating independently, in August 1914 for service on the Western Front. Though the battalion's time in Ireland was mostly uneventful, soldiers from the regiment were involved in the death of
Captain Patrick "Paddy" Boland, the
officer commanding of the Crossard Company, East Mayo Brigade of the
Irish Republican Army (IRA). On 27 May 1921, the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders shot and killed Boland while he was allegedly attempting to escape near his home in
Aghamore; Boland's body was reportedly severely mutilated after his death.
Interwar Years By 1931, the 2nd Battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders was stationed in Hong Kong and was initially involved in quelling anti Japanese riots. In 1932, the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders was deployed to Shanghai, specifically as part of the
Shanghai Volunteer Corps. They were involved in the defense of the International Settlement during the January 28 Incident, a conflict between China and Japan. The Regiment was stationed in the British sector and helped defend the northern boundary of the International Settlement. The Regiment was transferred to
Waziristan, then known as India's North West Frontier from 1935 to 1938 as part of efforts to maintain control in the region. This deployment was part of a larger British military presence aimed at quelling tribal unrest and maintaining security in the area, which was known for its mountainous terrain and challenging conditions. The regiment was particularly stationed at the Gharion Camp with the
Bannu Brigade fighting in the Shan Plain against the
Fakir of Ipi.
Second World War in the Malayan jungle on 13 November 1941. The 1st Battalion fought in the
Western Desert Campaign,
Crete,
Abyssinia,
Sicily and in the
Italian Campaign. The first action for the 1st Battalion was at
Sidi Barani where they joined the battle on 10 December 1940 as part of the
16th Infantry Brigade. On 17 May 1941 the battalion moved to Crete where they formed part of the defence based on the east side of the island at
Tymbaki. Most of the Argylls marched from Tymbaki to the airfield at
Heraklion on the night of 24 May to help support the
14th Infantry Brigade in the fighting at that airfield. They were successfully evacuated on 29 May from Heraklion but their convoy suffered air attacks and many casualties on the route away from Crete. The Argylls left at Tymbaki were captured when the island surrendered. The 1st Battalion was shipped to
Alexandria and after garrison duties followed by a raid into the
Gondar region of Abyssinia, they were sent back to the Western Desert where they were eventually attached to the
161st Indian Infantry Brigade, part of
4th Indian Infantry Division, and fought in the
Second Battle of El Alamein. In 1943 the 1st Battalion landed on
Sicily during Operation Husky, the
Allied invasion of Sicily, attached to the
5th British Infantry Division as the
33rd Beach Brick. From February 1944 the battalion fought through the
Italian Campaign with the
19th Indian Infantry Brigade, attached to
8th Indian Infantry Division. The 2nd Battalion fought valiantly against the
Imperial Japanese Army during the fighting in
Malaya and
Singapore (See
Battle of Bukit Timah). Led by the tough
Lieutenant Colonel Ian Stewart they were one of the very few British units that was prepared for the jungle warfare in
Malaya. In the months before the invasion of southern
Thailand and Malaya in 1941, Stewart took his battalion into the harshest terrain he could find and developed tactics to fight effectively in those areas. This training that the 2nd Argylls went through would make them arguably the most effective unit in
General Percival's Malayan Command, earning them the nickname "the jungle beasts". During the withdrawal of the
11th Indian Infantry Division, the 2nd Argylls slowed the enemy advance and inflicted heavy casualties on them. During these actions the battalion became so depleted by battle that it was ordered back into Singapore. Two days later, 2,000 or so men of the 22nd Australian Brigade (the absolute tail guard of the British forces) arrived at the causeway. An Australian staff officer was amazed to find the Argylls camped on the Malay side of the water, and asked why they were in Malaya when they could have been in the relative comfort of Singapore. Lt. Col. Stewart replied "You know the trouble with you Australians is that you have no sense of history. When the story of this campaign is written you will find that the ASHR goes down as the last unit to cross this causeway what's more – piped across by their pipers". The Argylls had lost 800 men due to continuous action as rear guards (especially at the
Battle of Slim River). When the remaining Argylls arrived in Singapore in December 1941, the battalion was reinforced with some
Royal Marines who had survived the sinking of
HMS Prince of Wales and
HMS Repulse. The merger was held at
Tyersall Park, and the battalion was informally renamed "Plymouth Argylls". (This was in reference to the Argylls' affiliation with
Plymouth Argyle F.C. and to the Plymouth Division of the Royal Marines, which all the Marines were from. The battalion surrendered with the rest of the army in Singapore in February 1942. Many Argylls died in captivity as
P.O.W's or in the jungle trying to avoid capture. A few Argylls managed to escape to India, including Lt.Col. Stewart, where they lectured on jungle warfare tactics. After this the evacuees became part of No. 6 GHQ Training Team, which organised training exercises and lectures for the
14th Indian Infantry Division and
2nd British Infantry Division. In May 1942, the 15th Battalion, raised during the war, was redesignated as the new 2nd Battalion. This battalion joined the
227th (Highland) Infantry Brigade and became a part of the
15th (Scottish) Infantry Division, a formation that would gain an excellent reputation, in 1943. With the division, the battalion fought in the
Battle for Caen, seeing its first action in
Operation Epsom, as part of
Operation Overlord. The division ended the war on the
Elbe River. in Normandy in June 1944. The 5th battalion landed in France as part of the
British Expeditionary Force in September 1939. They took part in the
Dunkirk evacuation in June 1940 and then, after converting to become the 91st Anti-Tank Regiment and seeing action at the
Normandy landings in June 1944, they fought through North-West Europe to the River Elbe. The 6th Battalion landed in France as corps troops for
I Corps with the British Expeditionary Force in September 1939. They took part in the Dunkirk evacuation in June 1940 and then, after converting to become the 93rd Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery saw action in the Tunisia campaign, in the Allied landings in Sicily and in the Allied landings in Italy. The 7th Battalion was a
Territorial Army (TA) unit serving in the
154th (Highland) Infantry Brigade. The brigade was part of the
51st (Highland) Infantry Division in France in 1940 as part of the
British Expeditionary Force. They were stationed on the
Maginot Line and so avoided being encircled with the rest of the BEF during the
Battle of France. The 7th Argylls in particular suffered heavy losses during the fighting, the worst day in its history. The 154th Brigade managed to be evacuated to England after the 51st (Highland) Division was forced to surrender on 12 June 1940. The division was reconstituted by the redesignation of the
9th (Highland) Infantry Division to the 51st. The understrength 154th Brigade of the old 51st was merged with the
28th Infantry Brigade. In 1942 the new 51st Division, 7th Argylls included, were sent to join the
British Eighth Army in the
North African Campaign. They fought in the
First Battle of El Alamein and in the
Second Battle of El Alamein which turned the tide of the war in favour of the
Allies. In March 1942, two British privates from the 7th battalion, Macfarlane and Goldie, escaped wearing their blue work detail overalls over their battledress. They wore rucksacks to cover the markings "KG" (
Kriegsgefangener, "prisoner of war") on their backs. They secreted themselves in a rail wagon carrying salt to
Belgium. There they managed to contact an escape line and, by the middle of the year, they were safely back in Scotland. The 8th Battalion was also a Territorial Army (TA) unit serving with the 7th Battalion in the 154th (Highland) Infantry Brigade. The brigade was part of the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division in France in 1940 as part of the British Expeditionary Force. The 154th Brigade managed to be evacuated to England after the 51st (Highland) Division was forced to surrender on 12 June 1940. On 25 April 1943, the 8th Battalion was, by this time, serving with the
36th Brigade, part of the
78th Battleaxe Division during the
Tunisian Campaign won fame during the assault of Djebel Ahmera hill on the
attack on Longstop Hill, in which despite heavy casualties from mortar and machine gun fire scaled and took the heights.
Major John Thompson McKellar Anderson, for inspiring his men and eliminating strong points, gained the
Victoria Cross. The 9th Battalion, also a Territorial unit, was converted to artillery as the 54th Light
Anti-Aircraft Regiment,
Royal Artillery comprising three batteries from the former
Companies: 160 (Dumbarton), 161 (Alexandria) and 162 (Helensburgh). Former B Company (Kirkintilloch) and D Company (Clydebank) formed the nucleus of the second-line regiment, the 58th LAA, comprising 172,173 and 174 Batteries. Armed with
Bofors and
Lewis guns, the 54th saw action protecting the rear of the retreat of the BEF to Dunkirk, destroying the Bofors before rescue. 162 Battery became detached protecting airfields at
Reims and escaped in June via Brest, St. Nazaire and La Rochelle. Between Dunkirk and D-Day they were deployed mostly in training and protecting airfields and other sites in England, including Manchester, as part of
44th AA Brigade. They participated in
Operation Harlequin on the south coast. They were then transferred to
9th Armoured Division until its dispersal in 1944 and then to the
21st Army Group. They were deployed after D-Day, in August 1944, in support of the
First Canadian Army, landing at
Juno Beach. They provided support at
Rouen and
Pont-de-l'Arche and onward through northern France to
Boulogne and subsequently
Antwerp and
Ostend in Belgium. In November they moved onward to
Kloosterzande, Holland, remaining there until the end of the war. They continued into Germany as part of the
BAOR, helping guard
POWs at
Munsterlager until November 1945, then on to
Brunswick until early 1946 when the regiment was put into "suspended animation" and demobilised. The 58th joined the BEF and participated in the defence of Boulogne and Calais. From May 1941 they served as part of
11th Armoured Division, initially as part of 11th Support Group until it was disbanded 1 June 1942, then transferring to Divisional Troops. In 1944, they were deployed in
Operation Overlord and later that year south and east of Eindhoven, Holland.
After the War Between 1945 and 1948, the 1st Battalion saw service in
Mandatory Palestine, during the conflicts with the Jewish paramilitary organisations
Irgun,
Haganah and
Lehi. In 1948, the 2nd Battalion was amalgamated with the 1st Battalion. The battalion was one of the first British units to serve in the
Korean War, arriving there in September 1950 as part of the
27th British Commonwealth Brigade. In its first major action, in the
battle of Naktong, the battalion was involved in a tragic friendly-fire incident in the
fight for Hill 282. The Argylls were noted for their reoccupation of the
Crater district of
Aden, under controversial
Commanding officer Lieutenant Colonel
Colin Campbell Mitchell, during the
Aden Emergency in the mid-1960s. , HM Queen
Elizabeth II, and
Prince Philip at
Balmoral Castle in 1985. In 1970, the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, as the junior regiment of the Scottish Division, faced disbandment as part of a general downsizing of the army. A "Save the Argylls" campaign involving the petitioning of Parliament resulted in a compromise under which a
single regular company retained the title and colours of the regiment. "Balaclava Company" continued as an independent unit from 20 January 1971 until the regiment was restored to full battalion size on 17 January 1972. Between 1972 and 2003 the regiment regularly served in
Northern Ireland during
the Troubles. During this deployment the regiment was involved in numerous actions, including at the notorious
Battle of Danny Boy. On return to the UK in late 2004 the regiment was presented with The
Wilkinson Sword of Peace by Queen
Elizabeth II, the
Colonel-in-Chief, for its contribution to peace in
Belfast in the aftermath of the
Holy Cross dispute. She also presented Iraq Medals to selected soldiers. of 5 SCOTS (The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) during Exercise ''Boar's Head'' at
Otterburn Training Area in February 2012. On 28 March 2006, as part of the
restructuring of the infantry, the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders were amalgamated with the other Scottish infantry regiments into the single
Royal Regiment of Scotland. The regiment's last role before amalgamation was in the
air assault role as part of
16 Air Assault Brigade. Elements of the new regiment originally affiliated with the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders included a regular battalion (5 SCOTS), an affiliated company of the
Territorial Army battalion,
51st Highland Volunteers (7 SCOTS) and an
Army Cadet Force battalion. The 5th Battalion continued recruiting in the area allocated to the Argylls, wore a green hackle on its headdress to differentiate it from the other battalions, and were permitted to use the title "The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders" in parenthetis in reference to the battalion. On 5 July 2012, a further series of measures to reduce the total size of the British Army were announced by Defence Secretary Philip Hammond. These included the reduction of The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (5 SCOTS) to a single company (Balaklava Company) for public (ceremonial) duties in Scotland.
The Queen visited the Highlanders at
Howe Barracks in
Canterbury in June 2013 to mark their relocation to Scotland. When the company is mounting royal guard/guard duties they are divided into two platoons; Pony Platoon (ceremonial) and Security Platoon. When not mounting guard, the company is divided into No. 1 and No. 2 platoons for regular deployment. Following the
Army 2020 Refine, the company moved to
Redford Barracks where they remain as part of the
51st Infantry Brigade and Headquarters Scotland. ==Regimental museum==