He was born into a scholarly family in 4 Dhū al-Ḥijjah 855
AH (30 July 1360 CE) in the city of
'Ayntāb (now Gaziantep in modern
Turkey). He studied history,
adab, and Islamic religious sciences, and was fluent in
Turkish, his native tongue, which distinguished him from his contemporaries and helped him in his pursuits. There is some evidence that he also knew at least some
Persian. In 788 AH (1386 CE) he travelled to
Jerusalem, where he met the Hanafi
shaykh al-Sayrāmī, who was the head of the newly established
Zāhiriyah madrasah (school) and
khānqah (
Sufi retreat) in Cairo. Al-Sayrami invited al-'Ayni to accompany him home to
Cairo, where he became one of the Sufis of the Zāhiriyah. This was a step upward for the young al-'Ayni, as it represented entry into "an institution with ties to the highest level of the ruling elite." He established a good reputation and initially met with favor. However, after al-Sayrāmī died in 790 AH (1388 CE), al-'Ayni became involved in a personal conflict with the
amir Jārkas al-Khalīlī, who tried to run him out of Cairo. Al-'Ayni later described al-Khalīlī as arrogant and dictatorial – "a man pleased by his own opinion." He was saved from expulsion by one of his teachers,
Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini, but prudently decided to leave for a time anyway. From Cairo he went to teach in
Damascus, where he was appointed
muhtasib (overseer of
sharia in the marketplace) by the
amir, and returned to Cairo some time before 800 AH (1398 CE.) Once back in Cairo, al-'Ayni strengthened his social and political position by associating with several amirs, making the
Hajj with the amir Tamarbughā al-Mashtūb. He also had the patronage of the powerful amir Jakm min 'Awd, who was
dawadār (literally "inkstand-holder": a secretary or confidential advisor) to the
Sultan Barqūq. After the death of Barqūq, al-'Ayni became the
muhtasib of Cairo, displacing the scholar
al-Maqrīzī. According to al-Maqrīzī (an interested party) it was Jakm who obtained the post for al-'Ayni; however, the historian Ibn Taghribīrdī states that it was a cooperative effort by Jakm and two other amirs, Qalamtāy al-'Uthmānī and Taghribīrdī al-Qurdamī. In any case, this was the beginning of a lifelong feud between the two ''
'ulama''' : "From that day on, there was hostility between the two men until they both died." Neither held the post for very long. In the reign of
al-Nasir Faraj, Barqūq's son and successor, al-'Ayni was appointed to the "lucrative and prestigious" post of
nāzir al-ahbas (overseer of pious endowments.) He would be dismissed from and reappointed to this post several times, finally securing it for good in the reign of Sultan Mu'ayyad Shaykh and keeping it until he was ninety-one. Al-'Ayni's prestige grew as he aged. Mu'ayyad Shaykh named him ambassador to the
Qaramanids in 823 AH (1420 CE.) Later in life he would be called upon to lecture on learned topics before the Sultan, sometimes reading history aloud in
Arabic and explaining it in Turkish for the Sultan's benefit. Sultan
al-Ashraf Barsbāy is reported to have said "Islam is known only through him" and ''law lā al-'ayntābi la-kāna fī islāmina shay','' "If not for al-'Ayntabi there would be something suspect in our Islam." Barsbāy sometimes sent al-'Ayni as his representative to greet foreign dignitaries, apparently because of his fluency in several languages. Barsbāy often turned to al-'Ayni for advice on legal matters, and named him chief
Hanafi qadi (judge) in 829 AH (1426 CE.) In the reign of Barsbāy's successor, al-Aziz Jaqmaq, al-'Ayni was dismissed as chief Hanafi
qadi again. He withdrew from court and concentrated on his scholarly writing. In 853 AH (1449 CE) he was dismissed as
nāzir al-ahbas, probably because of failing memory. He died in 855 AH (1451 CE) at the age of ninety-three, having outlived all his children, and was buried in his own
madrasah in Cairo. ==Works==