Sultanates in the Balkans & Anatolia •
Sultanate of Rum •
Ottoman Empire Caucasus •
Elisu Sultanate and a few others. A sultan ranked below a khan.
Levant & Egypt , last of the Mamluk Sultans •
Abbasid Caliphate •
Seljuk Empire (de jure) •
Emirate of Damascus (de jure) •
Emirate of Aleppo (de jure) •
Zengid dynasty (de jure) •
Nur al-Din Zengi •
Ayyubid Sultans •
Mamluk Sultans •
Ottoman Imposters •
Hain Ahmed Pasha (self proclaimed) •
Ali Bey al-Kabir (as shaykh-al-balad) •
Abu al-Dhahab (as shaykh-al-balad) • The title of Sultan of Egypt was later restored by the
Muhammad Ali dynasty, and was used between the 19th of December 1914 and the 16th of March 1922 during the
British protectorate Arabia • in present-day
Yemen, various small sultanates of the defunct
Aden Protectorate and
South Arabia: • :
Audhali,
Fadhli,
Haushabi,
Kathiri,
Lahej,
Lower Aulaqi,
Lower Yafa,
Mahra,
Qu'aiti,
Subeihi,
Upper Aulaqi,
Upper Yafa and the
Wahidi sultanates • in present-day
Saudi Arabia: •
Sultans of Nejd •
Sultans of the Hejaz Maghreb • in
Algeria:
Sultanate of Tuggurt,
Sultans of Tlemcen • in
Morocco, until
Mohammed V changed the style to
Malik (king) on August 14, 1957, maintaining the subsidiary style
Amir al-Mu'minin (Commander of the Faithful)
Sub-saharan Africa • In
Cameroon: •
Bamoun (Bamun, 17th century, founded uniting 17 chieftaincies) 1918 becomes a sultanate, but in 1923 re-divided into the 17 original chieftaincies. •
Bibemi, founded in 1770 – initially styled
lamido •
Mandara Sultanate, since 1715 (replacing
Wandala kingdom); 1902 part of Cameroon •
Rey Bouba Sultanate founded 1804 • in the
Central African Republic: •
Bangassou created ; 14 June 1890 under
Congo Free State protectorate, 1894 under French protectorate; 1917 Sultanate suppressed by the French. • Dar al-Kuti – French protectorate since December 12, 1897 •
Rafai Sultanate, April 8, 1892, under Congo Free State protectorate, March 31, 1909, under French protectorate; 1939 Sultanate suppressed •
Zemio established; December 11, 1894, under Congo Free State protectorate, April 12, 1909, under French protectorate; 1923 Sultanate suppressed • in
Chad: •
Baguirmi (main native title:
Mbang) •
Wada'i (main native title:
Kolak), successor state to Birgu •
Dar Sila (actually a wandering group of tribes) • in
Niger:
Arabic alternative title of the following autochthonous rulers: • the
Amenokal of the
Aïr confederation of
Tuareg • the
Sultanate of Agadez • the Sarkin Damagaram since the 1731 founding of the
Sultanate of Damagaram (
Zinder) • in
Nigeria most monarchies previously had native titles, but when most in the north converted to Islam, Muslim titles were adopted, such as
emir and sometimes
sultan. • in
Borno (alongside the native title
Mai) • since 1817 in
Sokoto, the suzerain (also styled
Amir al-Mu´minin and Sarkin Musulmi) of all
Fulbe jihad states and premier traditional Muslim leader in the
Sahel (according to some once a caliph) ======== , the 20th Sultan of the
Somali Sultanate of Warsangali •
Ajuran Sultanate, in southern Somalia and eastern Ethiopia •
Adal Sultanate, in western
Somaliland, southern
Djibouti, and the
Somali,
Harari and
Afar regions of
Ethiopia •
Isaaq Sultanate, in Somaliland and the
Somali region of Ethiopia •
Habr Yunis Sultanate, in Somaliland and
Somali region of Ethiopia •
Warsangali Sultanate, in northern Somalia •
Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia/Majerteenia), in northern Somalia •
Sultanate of Hobyo, in central Somalia •
Sultanate of the Geledi, in southern Somalia •
Sultanate of Aussa, in northeastern Ethiopia •
Sultanate of Harar, in eastern Ethiopia •
Jarso Sultanate •
Sultanate of Ifat, in Somaliland, Djibouti and eastern Ethiopia •
Sultanate of Mogadishu, in south-central Somalia •
Sultanate of Showa, in central Ethiopia •
Bimaal Sultanate, in south eastern Somalia centred in
Merka ======== •
Kilwa Sultanate collection of commercial city-states in present day
Tanzania and
Mozambique •
Angoche Sultanate, on the
Mozambiquan coast (also several neighbouring sheikdoms) • various
sultans on the Comoros; however on the
Comoros, the normally used styles were alternative native titles, including
Mfalme,
Phany or
Jambé and the 'hegemonic' title
Sultani tibe • the
Maore (or Mawuti) sultanate on Mayotte (separated from the Comoros) of
Zanzibar,
Ali bin Hamud. Photograph taken between 1902 and 1911 •
Sultanate of Zanzibar: two incumbents (from the Omani dynasty) since the de facto separation from Oman in 1806, the last assumed the title Sultan in 1861 at the formal separation under British auspices; since 1964 union with Tanganyika (part of
Tanzania)
Mfalume Mfalume is the title of various native Muslim rulers, generally rendered in Arabic and in western languages as Sultan: • in
Kenya: •
Pate on part of
Pate island (capital also named Pate), in the
Lamu Archipelago •
Wituland, became a German, then
British protectorate • in
Tanganyika (presently part of
Tanzania): of Hadimu, on the island of that name; also styled
Jembe Sultani This was the native ruler's title in the Tanzanian state of Uhehe.
Maliki Apparently derived from the Arabic
malik, this was the alternative native style of the sultans of the
Kilwa Sultanate in
Tanganyika (presently the continental part of Tanzania).
Persia and Central Asia •
Ghaznavid Empire; its ruler,
Mahmud of Ghazni, was the first
Muslim sovereign to be known as sultan. •
Great Seljuk Empire •
Timurid Empire • Sultans of
Baneh (In
Kurdistan, members of the Ekhtiyar al-Din family governed Baneh as Sultans defending against the Ottoman frontier) •
Afghan Kingdom: Sultan had a different meaning. It was a high title of honour, superior to Amir and Sardar, but ranking below Shah. •
Kazakh Khanate Indian superregion •
Bahmani Sultanate: Bahmani Shahs •
Sultanate of Bengal:
Ilyas Shahi,
Ganesha, Habshi,
Hussain Shahi, Muhammad Shah and
Karranis •
Sultanates of the Deccan: •
Adil Shahi of Bijapur •
Barid Shahi of Bidar •
Imad Shahi of Berar •
Nizam Shahi of Ahmednagar •
Qutb Shahi of Golconda •
Sultanate of Delhi:
Mamluks,
Khiljis,
Tughlaqs,
Sayyids and
Lodis •
Sultanate of Gujarat:
Muzaffarids •
Sultanate of Jaunpur: Sharqi dynasty •
Sultanate of Kandesh: Faruqi dynasty •
Sultanate of Malwa: three dynasties •
Sultanate of Madurai •
Sultanate_of_Mysore:
Kingdom of Mysore between 1761 and 1799 • Sultanate of Laccadive and Cannanore:
Arakkal Kingdom •
Sultanate of Kashmir:
Shahmirids and
Chaks •
Sultanate of Maldives •
Sultanate of Hunnur Southeast and East Asia , the incumbent Sultan of Yogyakarta , last undisputed Susuhunan of Surakarta , last recognised Sultan of Sulu In
Indonesia (formerly in the
Dutch East Indies) from west to east: • In
Sumatra •
Aceh Sultanate (full style
Sultan Berdaulat Zillullah fil-Alam) •
Sultanate of Asahan •
Sultanate of Jambi •
Sultanate of Deli • Sultanate of Indragiri •
Sultanate of Langkat (previous style Raja) •
Kotapinang Sultanate •
Bilah Sultanate •
Palembang Sultanate, also holding the higher title of
Susuhunan •
Sultanate of Pagaruyung •
Sultanate of Peureulak •
Riau-Lingga Sultanate •
Samudera Pasai Sultanate •
Sultanate of Serdang •
Sultanate of Siak • In the
Riau Archipelago:
Sultanate of Riau-Lingga by secession in 1818 under the expelled sultan of
Johore (on Malaya) Sultan Abdul Rahman Muadzam Syah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud • On
Java •
Sultanate of Banten •
Sultanate of Cirebon – the rulers in three of the four palaces (
kraton), from which divided
Cirebon was ruled:
Kraton Kasepuhan,
Kraton Kanoman and Kraton Kacirebonan (only in Kraton Kaprabonan was the ruler's title Panembahan) •
Sultanate of Demak •
Sultanate of Pajang •
Sumedang Larang Sultanate •
Sultanate of Mataram (was divided into two kingdoms: the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Sunanan Surakarta) •
Sultanate of Yogyakarta •
Sunanate of Surakarta (
susuhunan, a high-ranked monarch, equivalent to emperor) • On
Kalimantan •
Sultanate of Banjar • Sultanate of Berau •
Sultanate of Bulungan • Sultanate of Gunung Tabur • Sultanate of Kubu •
Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate •
Sultanate of Mempawah • Sultanate of Paser •
Sultanate of Pontianak • Sultanate of Sambaliung •
Sultanate of Sambas • On
Sulawesi •
Gorontalo Sultanate •
Sultanate of Buton •
Sultanate of Bone •
Sultanate of Gowa •
Sultanate of Luwu • •
Sultanate of Wajoq • In the
Maluku Islands (Moluccas) •
Sultanate of Ternate •
Sultanate of Tidore •
Sultanate of Bacan •
Sultanate of Jailolo • In the
Nusa Tenggara (former Lesser Sunda Islands) •
Bima Sultanate • Sumbawa Sultanate In
Malaysia: • In
Peninsular Malaysia, where all seven of the country's present sultanates are located: •
Sultanate of Johor •
Sultanate of Kedah •
Sultanate of Kelantan •
Sultanate of Pahang •
Sultanate of Perak •
Sultanate of Selangor •
Sultanate of Terengganu • Furthermore, the ruler of
Luak Jelebu, one of the constitutive states of the
Negeri Sembilan confederation, had the style Sultan in addition to his principal title
Undang Luak Jelebu. •
Sultanate of Malacca •
Sultanate of Sarawak In
Brunei: •
Sultan of Brunei, Brunei (on Borneo island) In
China: •
Dali, Yunnan, capital of the short-lived
Panthay Rebellion • Furthermore, the
Qa´id Jami al-Muslimin (Leader of the Community of Muslims) of
Pingnan Guo ("Pacified South State", a major Islamic rebellious polity in western Yunnan province) is usually referred to in foreign sources as Sultan. • In the
Philippines: •
Sultanate of Buayan •
Sultanate of Maguindanao •
Confederation of Sultanates of Lanao •
Sultanate of Sulu (Sulu, Basilan, Palawan and Tawi-Tawi islands and part of eastern Sabah on North Borneo) • Sultanate of Panay In
Thailand: •
Sultanate of Patani •
Sultanate of Singgora ==See also==