Malik Sarwar In 1389,
Malik Sarwar received the title of
Khwajah-i-Jahan. In 1394, he was appointed as the governor of Jaunpur and received his title of
Malik-us-Sharq from
Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq (1394–1413). Soon, he established himself as an independent ruler and took the title of
Atabak-i-Azam. He then suppressed the rebellions in Etawah, Koil and
Kanauj. He was also able to bring under his control Kara, Awadh, Dalmau, Bahraich and South Bihar. The Rai of Jajnagar and the ruler of
Lakhnauti acknowledged his authority and sent him several elephants.
War with the Ujjainiyas of Bhojpur During the reign of Malik Sarwar, Jaunpur became embroiled in a 100-year war with the neighbouring
Ujjainiyas of
Bhojpur in modern-day
Bihar. The Ujjainiya chieftain, Raja Harraj was initially successful in the forces of Malik Sarwar however the Ujjainiyas were defeated in subsequent battles and retreated into the forests and resorted to guerrilla warfare.
Mubarak Shah Malik Sarwar was succeeded by his adopted son Malik Qaranfal after his death, who assumed the title of
Mubarak Shah, ruled for three years, and issued coins in his own name. After assuming power in 1399, Mubarak Shah struck coins in his own name and the
Khutba was read in his name. During his reign, Mallu Iqbal tried to recover Jaunpur but failed. He was succeeded by his younger brother Ibrahim after he died in 1402,
Ibrahim Shah The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402–1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named
Nur Qutb Alam, he threatened the
Sultanate of Bengal under
Raja Ganesha. Ibrahim Shah was a patron of Islamic learning and established several colleges for this purpose. A large number of scholarly works on Islamic theology and law were produced during his reign, which include the
Hashiah-i-Hindi, the
Bahar-ul-Mawwaj and the
Fatwa-i-Ibrahim Shahi. He constructed several monuments in a new regional style of architecture known as the
Sharqi. During his reign, Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah II Tughluq took refuge in Jaunpur to get rid of the control of Mallu Iqbal over him. But he did not treat Sultan Mahmud Shah well. As a result, his relations with the Sultan became bitter and Mahmud Shah occupied Kanauj. In 1407, he tried to recover Kanauj but failed. His attempt to conquer Bengal also failed. He was succeeded by his eldest son Mahmud Shah after his death.
Muhammad Shah On assuming power in 1457, Muhammad Shah made peace with Bahlul Lodi and recognised his right over Shamsabad. He picked up a quarrel with his nobles. As a result of the Sharqi's being pushed back by Bahlul Lodi's advance, the last Sharqi-dated inscriptions in the region of Uttar Pradesh are from 1476 and 1479 in
Kannauj and
Jaunpur respectively while Sharqi inscriptions in
Bihar continued until 1505. He fled to
Kahalgaon in modern-day
Bihar, where he was granted asylum by sultan
Alauddin Husain Shah and spent his last days there. In 1486, Bahlul Lodi placed his eldest surviving son Barbak Shah Lodi on the throne of Jaunpur. It was during Hussain Shah' rule that a claimant to be the
mahdi of all Muslims,
Muhammad Jaunpuri, appeared and Hussain Shah was an admirer of him. ==Military==