Boris Kustodiev

Boris Kustodiev was born in Astrakhan into the family of a professor of philosophy, history of literature, and logic at the local theological seminary. His father died young, and all financial and material burdens fell on his mother's shoulders. The Kustodiev family rented a small wing in a rich merchant's house. It was there that the boy's first impressions were formed of the way of life of the provincial merchant class. The artist later wrote, "The whole tenor of the rich and plentiful merchant way of life was there right under my nose... It was like something out of an Ostrovsky play." The artist retained these childhood observations for years, recreating them later in oils and water-colours. ==Art studies==

, 1912 Between 1893 and 1896, Kustodiev studied in theological seminary and took private art lessons in Astrakhan from Pavel Vlasov, a pupil of Vasily Perov. Subsequently, from 1896 to 1903, he attended Ilya Repin's studio at the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. When Repin was commissioned to paint a large-scale canvas to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the State Council, he invited Kustodiev to be his assistant. The painting was extremely complex and involved a great deal of hard work. Together with his teacher, the young artist made portrait studies for the painting, and then executed the right-hand side of the final work. Also at this time, Kustodiev made a series of portraits of contemporaries whom he felt to be his spiritual comrades. These included the artist Ivan Bilibin (1901, Russian Museum), writer Daniil Mordovtsev (1901, Krasnodar Regional Art Museum), and the engraver Mate (1902, Russian Museum). Working on these portraits considerably helped the artist, forcing him to make a close study of his model and to penetrate the complex world of the human soul. He visited France and Spain on a grant from the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1904. Also in 1904, he attended the private studio of René Ménard in Paris. After that he traveled to Spain, then, in 1907, to Italy, and in 1909 he visited Austria and Germany, and again France and Italy. During these years he painted many portraits and genre pieces. However, no matter where Kustodiev happened to be – in sunny Seville or in the park at Versailles – he felt the irresistible pull of his motherland. After five months in France he returned to Russia, writing with evident joy to his friend Mate that he was back once more "in our blessed Russian land". ==Career==

; Butter Week or Crepe week,'' (1916) The Russian Revolution of 1905, which shook the foundations of society, evoked a vivid response in the artist's soul. He contributed to the satirical journals Vampir (Vampire), Zhupel (Bugbear) and Adskaya Pochta (Hell's Mail). At that time, he first met the artists of Mir Iskusstva (World of Art), the group of innovative Russian artists. He joined their association in 1910 and subsequently took part in all their exhibitions. In the first years after the Russian Revolution of 1917 the artist worked with great inspiration in various fields. Contemporary themes became the basis for his work, being embodied in drawings for calendars and book covers, and in illustrations and sketches of street decorations, as well as some portraits (Portrait of Countess Grabowska). His covers for the journals The Red Cornfield and Red Panorama attracted attention because of their vividness and the sharpness of their subject matter. Kustodiev also worked in lithography, illustrating works by Nekrasov. His illustrations for Leskov's stories The Darner and Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District were landmarks in the history of Russian book designing, so well did they correspond to the literary images. Stage design The artist was also interested in designing stage scenery. He first started work in the theatre in 1911, when he designed the sets for Alexander Ostrovsky's An Ardent Heart. Such was his success that further orders came pouring in. In 1913, he designed the sets and costumes for The Death of Pazukhin at the Moscow Art Theatre. His talent in this sphere was especially apparent in his work for Ostrovsky's plays; ''It's a Family Affair, A Stroke of Luck, Wolves and Sheep, and The Storm''. The milieu of Ostrovsky's plays—provincial life and the world of the merchant class—was close to Kustodiev's own genre paintings, and he worked easily and quickly on the stage sets. In 1923, Kustodiev joined the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia. He continued to paint, make engravings, illustrate books, and design for the theater up until his death of tuberculosis on 28 May 1927, in Leningrad. ==Selected works==

Image:Kustodiev promenade Volga.jpg|Promenade Along the Volga, 1909 File:Kustodiev promenade Volga 02.jpg|Promenade Along the Volga II, 1909 Image:Kustodiyev fair.JPG|Fair, 1910 Image:Paskhakustodiev.jpg|Easter Greetings, 1912 File:У Цераме (Мой дом).JPG|My Home (At the Terem) (1914–1918) File:Show booths. Kustodiev.jpg|Show Booths, 1916–1920 Image:Kustodiev razin.jpg|Stenka Razin, 1918 File:Maslenitsa kustodiev.jpg|Pancake Tuesday, 1919 Image:KustodievB Provinc.jpg|Country, 1919 File:Kustodiev The Bolshevik.jpg|, 1920 File:Kustodiev - Congress of Comintern.JPG|Festival of the II Congress of Comintern, 1921 File:Spring. Kustodiev.jpg|Spring, 1921 File:At Volga. Kustodiev.jpg|Looking at the Volga (1922) Image:Kustodiev russian venus.jpg|Russian Venus (1926) File:1901. Portrait of Ivan Bilibin by B. Kustodiev.jpg|Ivan Bilibin, 1901 Image:Kustodiyev Mate.JPG|Vasily Mate, 1902 Image:Kustodiev Portrait Of Wife.jpg|Yulia Kustodieva, the painter's spouse, 1903 File:Boris Kustodiev self-portrait.jpeg|At the Hunt, self-portrait, 1905 Image:Kustodiev Portrait of Naum Aronson.jpg|Naoum Aronson, File:Кустодиев Б. М. Портрет Н. К. фон Мекк.jpg|Nikolai von Meck, 1913 Image:Kustodiev Renee Notgaft.jpg|Renee Notgaft, 1914 Image:Tsar nikolai.jpg|Tsar Nicholas II, 1915 File:Anisimov Alexander Ivanovich (Boris Kustodiev).jpg|, 1915 File:1915 Kustodiev die Schoene anagoria.JPG|The Beauty, a nu portrayal of actress Faina Shevchenko, 1915 File:Кустодиев - Купец.JPG|The Merchant, 1918 Image:Kustodiev Merchants Wife.jpg|''The Merchant's Wife'', 1918 Image:Isaak Brodsky by Kustodiev.jpg|Isaak Brodsky, 1920 Image:KustodiyevSemenov Kapitsa.JPG|Pyotr Kapitsa and Nikolay Semyonov, 1921 File:Boris Kustodiev - Portrait of Fyodor Chaliapin - Google Art Project.jpg|Feodor Chaliapin, 1922 Kustodiev Zamyatin.jpg|Yevgeny Zamyatin, 1923 File:Boris Kustodiev 01.jpg|Tatiana Chizhova, 1924 Image:Kustodiev Voloshin.jpg|Maximilian Voloshin, 1924 ==See also==