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Bravia Chaimite

The Bravia Chaimite is an armoured vehicle with all wheel drive axles built by the Portuguese company Bravia and used by the Portuguese Army in the Portuguese colonial wars in Angola, Mozambique and Portuguese Guinea, from 1967 to 1974 when it ended. The Chaimite was originally an unlicensed derivative of the Cadillac Gage Commando assembled and later produced in Portugal, with a number of improvements and technical modifications.

History
Designed in the mid 1960s for the Portuguese Army, in its original incarnation the Chaimite resembled a modified Cadillac Gage Commando, leading to speculation that Bravia had produced it under license from the United States. The first prototype Chaimite appeared in 1966, and was designed primarily for direct fire support, with a large turret ring and braced chassis to carry a 90mm low-pressure cannon. In 1968 or 1969 the prototype was sent to Portuguese Guinea for combat trials, where it performed well but was later destroyed by African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) insurgents with an RPG-2 or RPG-7. By the time production ceased, over 600 had been manufactured for the Portuguese Army and export. ==Variants==
Variants
V-200: armoured personnel carrierV-200 Armada 90: special variant for the Portuguese Marines of the V-200 armed with a multiple 90 mm rocket launcher • V-300: light fire support armed with FN Minimi, FN MAG or 20 mm gun. • V-400: heavy fire support with 90mm or 75mm low-pressure gun. • V-500: communications and command vehicle. • V-600: mortar carrier with 81mm mm or 120 mm mortars • V-700: anti-tank with Swingfire or HOT missile launcherV-800: ambulanceV-900: armoured recovery vehicle • V-1000: anti-riot with water cannon ==Combat history==
Combat history
Africa Libya placed an order of 60 V-200 Chaimite armored cars in June 1976, though only 13 or 16 were delivered. The Libyan government cancelled the order upon hearing that the Portuguese government had decided that same year to establish diplomatic relations with Israel, an act that infuriated President Muammar Gaddafi who immediately severed the diplomatic and commercial ties with Portugal in protest, which left the remaining 25 vehicles still in production at the assembly line of the Bravia VM plant in Samora Correia. The batch of V-200 Chaimite armored cars that was shipped to Libya prior to the break-up of diplomatic relations was assigned to the Presidential Guard, Middle East Lebanon was the first Middle Eastern country to place a request in December 1972 of thirty V-200 Chaimite armored cars for its Internal Security Forces (ISF), though only twenty-one vehicles had been delivered by April 1975, when occurred the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), a conflict in which they saw considerable action. During the Battle of the Hotels in October 1975, the ISF used their own V-200 armored cars alongside loaned M113 and Panhard M3 VTT armored personnel carriers (APCs) by the Lebanese Army in a successful operation to evacuate more than 200 people – including the staff and residents, most of them tourists – trapped in the Holiday Inn and adjoining hotels located at the Minet el-Hosn hotel district of downtown Beirut. When the ISF collapsed in January 1976, the Christian Tigers Militia and Guardians of the Cedars (GoC) militia were able to seize an unspecified number of V-200 armored cars, which the GoC later employed against the Syrian Army at Houche el-Oumara during the Battle of Zahleh on April–June 1981. The vehicles operated by the Tigers Militia were reportedly employed in the defense of the Christian-controlled east Beirut quarters during the Hundred Days' War in February–April 1978, but after the forcible disbandment of the militia in October 1980 they were eventually returned to ISF ownership. The Lebanese ISF Command was so impressed by the performance of its V-200 Chaimite armored cars in the field – notably, the Lebanese crews praised the ability of their vehicles' armored hull to withstand small-arms fire, landmine blasts and even RPG-7 anti-tank rounds in an urban combat environment – that they requested a further nine or 10 vehicles in 1980, which were delivered by 1982. Later in August 1990, the Lebanese showed interest in acquiring an additional thirty V-200 armored cars along with 15 Bravia Commando MK III patrol cars for the ISF, but those plans were eventually scrapped upon the conclusion of the civil war in October that same year. Latin America Peru was the first foreign customer of the Chaimite, purchasing in 1970 twenty V-200 armored cars for its Marine corps, which were delivered in 1971–1973. ==Operators==
Operators
Current operators • : 30 • : 16 and 4 operated by the Portuguese Marine Corps; replaced in 2009 by 188 Pandur II. • : Philippine National Police operated 20 units ordered only 13 units delivered. Evaluation-only operators • ; • ; • . ==Vehicles on display==
Vehicles on display
Philippines • A Philippine National Police Bravia Chaimite APC inherited from the Philippine Constabulary is on outdoor static display at Fort Sto Domingo Sta Rosa, Laguna, Luzon, Philippine. • V-200 Bravia Chaimite in Integrated National Police colors is on static display at the Philippine National Police Museum, Camp General Rafael T. Crame in Quezon City, Philippines. Portugal • Bravia Chaimite armoured vehicle in the exposition in the Military Museum of Elvas, Portugal • V-200 Bravia Chaimite armoured vehicle in the exposition in Museu do Combatente, Portugal. • A Bravia Chaimite is part of the Monument to the 25th of April, 1974 in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, since June 16, 2019. ==In Popular culture==
In Popular culture
The Chaimite made some major film appearances, notably in the Danish 1993 historical drama film The House of the Spirits, portraying Chilean Army APCs in action during the September 1973 Chilean coup d'état and in the Spanish-American 2002 crime thriller film The Dancer Upstairs, in the colours of an undisclosed Latin American Army. It was also featured in the 2000 historical drama film April Captains, set in during the Portuguese Carnation Revolution of April 1974. ==See also==
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