Market2025–2026 Turkish protests
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2025–2026 Turkish protests

Widespread protests began throughout Turkey on 19 March 2025 following the detention and arrest of Istanbul mayor Ekrem İmamoğlu and more than 100 other opposition members and protesters by Turkish authorities. The gatherings represented significant public opposition to what participants characterized as politically motivated legal actions against İmamoğlu, who was the primary opposition candidate for the 2028 Turkish presidential election and incumbent Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's main political rival. The protests have been characterized as the nation's largest since the so-called Gezi Park protests in 2013.

2025
19 March CHP leader Özgür Özel characterized the detention as "a coup against our next president" and urged opposition groups to unify. Dilek İmamoğlu, Ekrem İmamoğlu's wife, urged supporters to "raise their voices", stating that: "The day the government decides its opponents is the day democracy dies." Police barricaded and blocked roads that led to the Vatan Security Department, where İmamoğlu was detained. Banners with Ekrem İmamoğlu's pictures and a quote by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: "Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the nation," were unfurled in front of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality building. Middle East Technical University (METU) students marched on campus demanding the resignation of the government. Afterwards many attempted to move to Kızılay, but were stopped by barricades and police on Eskişehir Road, who pepper sprayed them. Mayor of Ankara Mansur Yavaş stated that he would travel to Istanbul to provide support for İmamoğlu and the tens of thousands of protesters. Significant demonstrations were reported in Adana, Trabzon, and İzmir. In Dublin, Ireland, the group Democratic Türkiye Community in Ireland began demonstrations against İmamoğlu's arrest. 20 March Mass demonstrations broke out in several major Turkish cities. Significant protests were reported in Mamak (Ankara), Ankara, Bolu, Şişli (Istanbul), İzmir, Samsun, Manavgat (Antalya), Ayvalık (Balıkesir), Eskişehir, Mersin, Muğla, Bursa, Didim (Aydın), Adana, Denizli, Trabzon, Antalya, Çorum, Konya, Sakarya, Amasya, Giresun, Rize, Kırıkkale, and Karabük. Students and faculty from 13 Turkish universities conducted demonstrations or protest marches, including those of Istanbul University. Police intervened against the protests of Mersin, Galatasaray, Dokuz Eylül, Ankara, and Kocaeli Universities, with pepper spray, barricades, and force. The nose of a protester was broken after it was kicked by a police officer, while others were detained. The Tandoğan campus of Ankara University was surrounded with police barricades, with several students being prohibited from entering while the rest required ID access to enter. Resistance from students inside the campus led to several prohibited students being able to enter, and protesters marching on campus against the government. Following the march, the students were prohibited from leaving the campus, with attempts to take down the barricades being met with pepper spray and beatings from police. METU students started a protest march from Dormitory 5, shouting anti-government slogans. Students from Bilkent University and Hacettepe University joined the march by taking down police barricades at the METU A1 Gate. Despite the police using plastic bullets, pepper spray, and tear gas, the march continued. A mass demonstration took place outside the Embassy of Turkey in London, with members of the Workers' Party of Turkey and the Turkish Kurdish Community Solidarity Center unravelling banners protesting the restrictive acts of the Turkish government. In Germany, mass demonstrations conducted by the Turkish diaspora were reported in Berlin and Stuttgart, calling upon European states to enact greater action against the Turkish government crackdowns. Interior Minister of Turkey Ali Yerlikaya reported that over 18.6 million social media posts concerning the arrests of opposition figures appeared online by 6 a.m. on 20 March. 21 March Protests intensified in many cities including Istanbul, İzmir and Ankara, while spreading to Konya, Niğde, Trabzon, and Adana. in Istanbul Istanbul became the epicenter of large-scale protests, with gatherings erupting in districts such as Saraçhane, Beşiktaş, Kadıköy, and Şişli. However, Taksim Square, a historically significant site, was blockaded by heavy police presence, preventing demonstrations there. Despite this, protesters in other areas carried banners and chanted slogans like "" ("Don't stay quiet, the longer you do, it will be your turn!"), "" ("Government, resign!"), and "" ("Right, law, justice!"), while others participated by banging pots and pans from their balconies, reminiscent of the 2013 Gezi Park protests Riot police, reinforced by armored vehicles and TOMA water cannon trucks, took up defensive positions in the city. Despite the largely peaceful nature of the protests, tensions escalated when security forces attempted to disperse the crowds, citing concerns over illegal gatherings and public disorder. The police response was forceful, deploying tear gas, rubber bullets, and water cannons against protesters who refused to leave. Violent clashes broke out in Bozdoğan Kemeri, where thousands had gathered in defiance of government warnings. Many responded by throwing plastic bottles, chanting slogans, and waving opposition party flags, particularly those of the CHP. In İzmir, videos circulated of police beating up protestors and detaining them while they shouted for help. Elsewhere in the country, demonstrations took place in Ankara, where crowds and CHP representatives attempted to march to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to demand justice. Police barricaded major roads, preventing demonstrators from reaching the parliament building, which had been heavily fortified with additional riot units. In İzmir, thousands flooded Lozan Square to begin a march to Alsancak, disregarding the five-day demonstration ban set in place by the Governor of İzmir, waving Turkish flags and chanting pro-democracy slogans. As the protests intensified, the Turkish Interior Ministry announced that 343 individuals had been detained during overnight clashes. The ministry claimed security forces acted in accordance with public order laws, arguing some demonstrators engaged in "provocative and violent behavior". However, opposition leaders and human rights organizations accused the government of excessive force, noting many arrested were peaceful protesters exercising their constitutional right to free assembly. Forty-one protesters were detained in Ankara's Güvenpark and in an "anti-terror" operation, while 31 others had arrest warrants issued. Of 22 student protesters detained, seven female students were forcibly strip-searched. The Istanbul Governor's Office announced that entering and leaving Istanbul was restricted, saying that "Individuals, groups and vehicles from the districts of our province or neighboring provinces, who are likely to join illegal actions individually or collectively by using the route of our province, will not be allowed to enter or leave our province". 23 March Large crowds gathered in central areas such as Kadıköy, chanting slogans like "Justice for all" and "This is not about a mayor; it's about democracy." Protesters described the situation as an attack on electoral legitimacy and democratic governance. Turkish police responded with tear gas and riot control tactics. Several protesters were reportedly injured during the crackdown, and some were detained. This resulted in some channels ,such as and Halk TV cutting their live broadcasts of rallies and protests at the Metropolitan Municipality building. As a result, several millions tuned into livestreams of the protests broadcast from İmamoğlu's social media accounts and the CHP. The broadcast resulted in a record number of simultaneous viewers of the livestream, at 4 million. After calls on social media to boycott brands associated with the AKP, as well as smaller businesses that refused to help protesters or sell to them, Özgür Özel threatened a boycott on media companies if they did not cover the protests. At 12:20 p.m. İmamoğlu was formally arrested following a court order. The Istanbul Criminal Court mandated his detention pending trial on charges of corruption and alleged connections to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a group designated as terrorist by Turkey. The terrorism charges were dropped as the court focused on corruption. this move means that a trustee cannot be appointed to Istanbul. His legal team announced plans to appeal the court's decision, asserting that the charges are intended to suppress political dissent. At 10:49 p.m. local time, after most of the votes from the primary election were counted, the CHP declared on X that their presidential candidate for the upcoming elections is Ekrem İmamoğlu. A protest was held in Valletta by Turkish residents in Malta. 24 March Interior Minister Ali Yerlikaya claimed that some of the arrested protesters were identified as having ties with terrorist organizations⁣⁣, and others had criminal records. Yerlikaya announced that 123 police officers were injured during the protests, with fireworks. He wrote, "Terrorizing our streets and threatening the peace and security of our nation will absolutely not be tolerated". X issued a statement saying that it had received court orders ordering it to block over 700 accounts posting anti-government content, including those belonging to politicians and journalists, but that it was objecting to the orders. The Turkish opposition called for a boycott of companies owned by holdings close to the government and TV channels that censored images of the mobilizations. 25 March A judge ordered the pre-trial detention of seven journalists, including Agence France-Presse photographer Yasin Akgül, accused by the authorities of taking part in an illegal rally. They were charged with "refusing to disperse despite warning during a demonstration". Agence France Presse called for the photographer's release. Protesters said they will continue protesting against the government despite arrests. 26 March CHP leader Özgür Özel held a meeting with Ekrem İmamoğlu at Marmara Prison. He described İmamoğlu and two other jailed politicians as "three lions inside, standing tall, with their heads held high ... proud of themselves, their families, their colleagues, not afraid". Afterwards Özel said he was planning to appoint an acting mayor in İmamoğlu's place. Istanbul's municipal council later elected Nuri Aslan, a CHP member who won 177 votes in the 314-member council. President Erdoğan continued speaking against the protests and labelled them as "street terror". He said: "Those who spread terror in the streets and want to set fire to this country have nowhere to go. The path they have taken is a dead end". He also accused the opposition of harming the economy. A court released Yasin Akgül and six other journalists who had been detained while covering the protests. The RTUK imposed a 10-day broadcasting ban on Sözcü TV, accusing it of incitement in its coverage. Swedish journalist Joakim Medin was detained on arrival in Turkey, where he was due to cover the protests. On 28 March, the editor-in-chief of his newspaper (), reported Medin had been taken into custody. He has been jailed pending trial on charges of "insulting the president" and "membership in a terrorist organization", according to Ankara's Chief Public Prosecutor's Office. His arrest is linked to a 2023 protest in Stockholm, where a mannequin resembling Erdogan was hung outside city hall. Press freedom organizations condemned the arrest. Reporters Without Borders Sweden called it "indefensible," while Amnesty Sweden warned it was a threat to freedom of expression. The Swedish Newspaper Publishers' Association urged the Swedish government to act "sharply and swiftly" for Medin's release, calling Turkey's media restrictions alarming. 28 March İmamoğlu's lawyer, Mehmet Pehlivan, was detained. Halk TV claimed his detainment was linked with allegations of "laundering assets originating from a crime". He was released from detention under judicial supervision. İmamoğlu tweeted: "As if the coup on democracy wasn't enough, they can't stand the victims of this coup defending themselves". Two more journalists covering the protests, Elif Bayburt, who works for the Etkin News Agency, and Nisa Suda Demirel, from the Evrensel news website, were detained, according to the Journalists union of Turkey. The CHP's boycott website; 'boykotyap.com' was blocked by the Ankara 4th Criminal Judgeship of Peace. 29 March A mass rally was organized by CHP in Maltepe, Istanbul. Ozgur Özel claimed 2.2 million people joined, newspapers put the figure in the hundreds of thousands. A letter from İmamoğlu was read out at the rally:I have no fear, you are behind me and by my side. I have no fear because the nation is united. The nation is united against the oppressor. They can put me in jail and try me as much as they want, the nation has shown that it will crush all traps and plots.On the same day, in an interview with France's Le Monde, Özel said he planned to make Saturday rallies a weekly feature in cities across Turkey, with others to be held in Istanbul every Wednesday. A protester wearing a Pikachu costume was chased by police in Antalya, leading to the Pokémon mascot becoming a symbol of anti-Erdogan protests. Since then, Pikachu posters and costumes have appeared at protests. President Erdogan called the protests a "show" and warned CHP to stop "provoking" the Turks. 30 March Özgür Özel urged people to boycott companies with ties to president Erdoğan. 1 April Leader of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and Erdoğan ally Devlet Bahçeli said that the protests could provoke clashes with government loyalists. He also accused the CHP of "using unrest to destabilize the government". The Istanbul Chief Public Prosecutor's Office launched an investigation into those who made a "boycott call" on social media for incitement to hatred and hostility. 3 April Eleven people were detained for supporting the economic boycott, including actor Cem Yiğit Üzümoğlu. 6 April Özgür Özel called for anticipated national elections to be held by November at the latest. Speaking at an extraordinary party congress in Ankara, Özel challenged Erdoğan to face the electorate, declaring the protests a powerful act of public dissent. 9 April The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) approved the bill calling for the release of Ekrem İmamoğlu and other mayors with 90 votes in favor and eight against. 11 April On 11 April, Imamoglu appeared in court for the first time since his arrest, not for the corruption case, but in connection with three other legal proceedings: one for allegedly threatening remarks made in January against Istanbul's chief prosecutor, Akin Gürlek, and two others concerning suspected irregularities in public procurement and donations during the municipal election campaign. The hearing, normally held at the Caglayan Courthouse, took place instead within the Silivri prison complex, which is closed to the public. The CHP accused the government of weaponizing the judiciary to prevent him from running in the 2028 presidential election. Meanwhile, police conducted aggressive raids on the homes of Imamoglu's relatives, including that of his father, further heightening tensions. Shortly before the hearing, two investigative journalists, Murat Agirel and Timur Soykan, who had reported on alleged irregularities in the investigations targeting Imamoglu, were also arrested, while 107 students detained during the protests were released. After some teachers in the well-established high schools in Istanbul were suspended for participating in the protests or opposing the government, protests were held in some high schools. 18 April The trial of nearly 200 people arrested in the protests began. Most of the 189 defendants in the trial, which was held at the Caglayan courthouse, were students, while eight were journalists. 30 April Joakim Medin was convicted by a court in Ankara on charges of insulting President Erdoğan and sentenced to a suspended 11-month prison term. 1 May Since the protests coincided with May 1 Labor Day, all groups participating in the protest celebrated Labor Day. 407 people were detained during the May 1st celebrations. 15 May Esila Ayık, who had been arrested and kept in prison for over a month even despite several doctor reports about her being unsuitable for prison conditions, was released, along with two other students. 28 May While the continued, 23 thousand municipal workers working in Izmir went on strike because they found the wages given by the municipality inadequate. All municipal operations were disrupted for days. 31 May A commemoration was held in Beyoğlu on the 12th anniversary of the Gezi Park protests, Turkey's largest civil disobedience action. Representatives of political parties, unions, civil society organizations and citizens gathered on Mis Sokak upon the call of Taksim Solidarity. 22 June Ahead of the Pride March to be held in Istanbul, Taksim Metro was closed until further notice by the decision of the Istanbul Governor's Office. The Şişli District Governor's Office imposed a one-day ban on protests within the district borders. Despite the restrictions, more than 50 people were detained during the march held in Kadıköy. 29 June Özgur Özel, a day before the court trial in relation to the decision on whether to replace him by a state-appointed person (possibly Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) due to an alleged fraud of his election as the head of CHP, delivers an opening speech at Germany's SPD Party's congress, in Berlin. In his speech, he made detailed mentions to the democratic backsliding in Turkey, and at the end of his speech, he received a full crowd support in applauds, together with "Free İmamoğlu" posters being held by SPD members. After his speech, Özgur Özel made an interview with ANKA news agency, outside in Berlin, and noted that he will tell the world, and the world society about how Erdoğan is causing injustice. 1 July A rally was held in Saraçhane for the 100th day of Ekrem İmamoğlu's arrest. Approximately 100 thousand people joined the rally. Some protestors clashed with riot police after the rally, police encircled and used pepper spray on the protestors, one person was stabbed. Similar protests were held in İzmir, Ankara and Gaziantep. 24 October The Ankara 42nd Civil Court of First Instance rejected the lawsuit filed seeking the annulment of the Republican People's Party's (CHP) 38th Ordinary and 21st Extraordinary Congresses. == 2026 ==
2026
20 February Speaking to the Turkish newspaper Nefes, Özel said that rallies would be held every Wednesday in three constituencies in Istanbul, while weekend rallies would take place in a different city in Turkey. = Reactions = İmamoğlu, previously anticipated to run for president in 2028, was nominated by the CHP as its presidential candidate on March 23, despite his imprisonment and the annulment of his university degree, which would technically disqualify him from the race. The protests are perceived as a response to the perceived injustice of incarcerating a democratically elected mayor who has been characterized as a "man of the people," reflecting broader concerns about democratic backsliding in Turkey. However, recent talks between the PKK and the government suggest that DEM has been hesitant to fully back the opposition. While Imamoglu's supporters gathered in protest near Istanbul, many Kurdish and DEM members instead participated in their Nowruz celebrations in the city, not confronting with the government. Turkey Turkish government Following Imamoglu's detention and during subsequent protests, the Istanbul Governor's Office prohibited all public gatherings and demonstrations throughout the city for a four-day period. The office also closed major roads and rail networks located in central Istanbul. Justice Minister Yılmaz Tunç defended the judiciary against accusations of political interference, stating that the decision to arrest İmamoğlu was not influenced by President Erdoğan and reaffirming the independence of the courts. Despite public statements of concern, EU officials acknowledged that Ankara's strategic importance in areas such as migration, energy, and defense makes a strong diplomatic or financial backlash unlikely. EU accession funds and other financial mechanisms continue to benefit Turkey. The country has received around €9 billion to host refugees and remains eligible for billions more under defense-related programs like "Readiness 2030", allowing access to joint procurements worth up to €800 billion. Political analyst Dimitar Bechev commented that "whatever Erdoğan does, the EU will have to tag along with it", suggesting that the EU tolerates democratic backsliding so long as Turkey remains strategically cooperative. Interior Minister of Turkey Ali Yerlikaya announced on the morning of 20 March that law enforcement had identified 261 "suspect account managers" who allegedly shared content "inciting the public to hatred and hostility" and "incitement to commit a crime." Authorities detained thirty-seven individuals in connection with these allegations, with efforts continuing to apprehend additional suspects. X (formerly Twitter), owned by Elon Musk, complied with government orders to suspend approximately 700 accounts, including those of journalists, activists, and opposition figures. The majority of which were "university-associated activist accounts, basically sharing protest information, locations for students to go," according to Yusuf Can, coordinator and analyst at the Wilson Center's Middle East Program, who also noted that many of them are "grassroots activists" with their followings in the low tens of thousands. This action drew significant criticism from free speech advocates, who accused Musk of a double standard, given his self-proclaimed stance as a "free speech absolutist." and Meta censored social media posts related to the protests at the government's request. = Arrests = Nearly 2,000 people have been arrested since the protests began, including several journalists. = Impact on economy = Following Ekrem İmamoğlu's arrest, the Turkish lira dropped by 12.7%, reaching a record low of 42 lira per US dollar. While the lira has since settled around 38 to the dollar, foreign investors remain cautious. In response to the turmoil, approximately $16 billion was pulled from Turkish markets, significantly impacting the country's foreign reserves, which had previously been rebuilt to $65 billion. Meanwhile, the BIST 100 index of the Istanbul Stock Exchange plunged by 8.72%, falling from 10,802 to 9,860 points. In response, the Turkish Central Bank sold $25 billion in foreign currency in an attempt to stabilize the national currency. This massive intervention also led to an increase in interest rates and an upward revision of inflation forecasts, with an estimated 29.75% by the end of the year. These events have shaken foreign investors' confidence, undermining Economy Minister Mehmet Şimşek's efforts to restore the country's economic stability. The protest also caused the cancellation or postponement of some scheduled concerts in Istanbul. English rock band Muse postponed its scheduled gig in Istanbul to 2026 due to pressure from the anti-government protesters not to perform, after the concert promoter, Abdulkadir Ozkan, made controversial remarks regarding the protests. Norwegian singer Ane Brun also cancelled her scheduled gig in Istanbul. = See also = • Anti-ErdoğanismGezi Park protests2021 Boğaziçi University protestsNext Turkish presidential election2025 in TurkeyList of arrested mayors in TurkeyList of protests in the 21st century 2025 protestsSoutheast Europe protests (2024-present)2025 Serbian anti-corruption protests2025 Georgian protests2025 Romanian protests2025 Indonesian student protests2025 Balochistan protests = References = = External links = •
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