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Truancy

Truancy is any intentional, unauthorised, and/or legally debatable absence from compulsory education. It is a deliberate absence by a student's own free will and usually does not refer to legitimate excused absences, such as ones related to medical conditions. Truancy is usually explicitly defined in the school's handbook of policies and procedures. Attending school but not going to class is called internal truancy. Some children whose parents claim to homeschool have also been found truant in the United States.

History
In older English, a ' or truand' was any vagrant, vagabond, or shirker of duties. The widespread legal obligation for towns and villages to provide free education did not evolve until the late-19th century and was born in such legislation as the Education (Scotland) Act 1872. Over and above the obligation within such legislation for local government to provide school-buildings and -teachers, there was also a counterpart requirement for children to actually attend an educational institution, and thus the modern legal concept of school-oriented truancy was born. Most private schools had the concept of punishing pupils for non-attendance. This was done on a reverse principle: and schools had in principle to get the permission of parents to punish children. == Slang expressions ==
Slang expressions
There are a number of expressions in most languages which refer to truancy: • Antigua and Barbuda: skudding. • Argentina: ratearse. • Bosnia and Herzegovina: escaping or eluding. • France: drying (class) refers to truancy. "Faire l'école buissonière" or "l'école de la vie" is also used. • Germany: schwänzen. • Guyana: skulking. • Indonesia: bolosIreland: dossing, mitchingItaly: marinare marinating (school) • Jamaica: skulling. • Japan: futokoMexico: pintearse. • New Zealand and Australia: wagging, jigging, ditching, bludging, bunking, or skipping school. • Netherlands and Belgium (Flanders) spijbelen, schoolziek. • Pakistan and India: bunking. • Philippines: skipping or cutting class. • Poland: wagary or wagarowanie. • Romania: a chiuli. • Singapore and Malaysia: pon, short for ponteng. • South Africa: bunking, mulling, skipping or jippoTrinidad and Tobago: breaking biche. • United Kingdom: bunking (off), skiving, wagging, kipping, mitching, twagging, or on the knock. • Liverpool: cutting class, doggin, playing or puggin. • Greater Manchester: legging. • Wales: sagging, mitching. • Scotland: on the hop, doggin it, beaking or on the beak, ticking it. • United States and Canada: (playing) hooky, ditching, dipping, skipping, cutting (class). • Newfoundland and Labrador: pipping off, on the pip. • Utah: a sluff commonly refers to a truancy. == Punishments imposed ==
Punishments imposed
: ''The Truant's Log'', 1899 Denmark In Denmark, some welfare benefits may be confiscated for a period if the child does not attend school. However, not all cities use this approach to keep the children in school. Most cities watch for families who have not returned their children to school after the summer vacation because some groups exiled their children to their ethnic home countries for behavior modification. In the city of Aarhus, 155 children had not attended one week after school started. In April 2009, research among 4,000 students showed that more than one in three had been absent during the past 14 days. Finland In Finland, truant pupils are usually punished with detention in comprehensive schools. The police are not involved in truancy control, but teachers monitor the school and its surrounding area to avoid unauthorized absences. If a pupil is absent for a long period of time, the parents may be fined. The child will not be escorted to school, but the government may remove the child from the household if truancy continues. Germany In Germany, truancy is prohibited until the age of 18, and parents can be fined up to 1,250 euros or jailed if their child misses too much school. The students themselves can also be imprisoned for truancy from age 14 to 18, because the criminal responsibility age is 14 in Germany. The students older than 18 cannot be held criminally liable for truancy. Italy In Italy, compulsory education starts at six years of age and finishes at 16, but truancy constitutes a crime only for the elementary-school level. Taiwan Truancy is subject to an administrative fine, which may be continued until proper enrollment in the compulsory education. United Kingdom In England and Wales, truancy is a criminal offense for parents if the child concerned is registered at school. Truancy laws do not apply to children educated at home or otherwise under Section 7 of the Education Act 1996. Since the passage of the Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000, parents of persistent truants may be imprisoned for up to three months. In 2002, the first parent was imprisoned under this provision. Since 1998, a police officer of or above the rank of superintendent may direct that for a specified time in a specified area a police officer may remove a child believed to be absent from a school without authority to that school or to another designated place. However, this is neither a power of arrest nor a power to detain, and it does not make truancy a criminal offense. A warning is issued to parents following the first instance of truancy, but for subsequent events, the parents are assessed a fine of at least £50. Some charities have highlighted an increasing prevalence of truancy among impoverished girls during menstruation, especially among girls who do not have easy access to sanitary products. United States In the United States, truancy regulations are generally enforced by school officials under the context of parental responsibility. New automated calling systems allow the automated notification of parents when a child is not marked present in the computer, and truancy records for many states are available for inspection online. In large schools where law enforcement officers are present, the fine for truancy can range from $250 to as much as $500. About 12,000 students were ticketed for truancy in 2008 in Los Angeles. Many states provide for the appointment of local truancy officers who have the authority to arrest habitually truant youths and bring them to their parents or to the school that they are supposed to attend. Many states also have the power to revoke a student's driver's license or permit. Where it exists, a school truancy officer is often concurrently a constable or sheriff. Children are required by law to remain in school until the age of 16, although some states require schooling through age 18 unless an absence is formally excused by a school official or if the child has been expelled. In the 1972 case of Wisconsin v. Yoder, the Supreme Court determined that Amish children could not be placed under compulsory education laws past the eighth grade. Children in private school or homeschooling are exempt from attending mandatory public schooling. == Truant's Day ==
Truant's Day
In Poland and the Faroe Islands, the first day of spring (March 21) is an unofficial occasion popular among children, who traditionally are truant on that day. In some American high schools, a "senior skip day" may be organized, often without the school's consent. The date for the skip day varies among different schools. In the Eastern United States, skip day often occurs on the last Friday before spring break or on the Monday following the school's prom. == See also ==
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