Butlins Skegness

In 1914, Billy Butlin was living in Toronto with his mother and stepfather, when he left school and began working for Eatons department store. According to Butlin, one of the best aspects of working for the company was that he was able to visit their summer camp which gave him an idea of what would soon become a large part of his life. The onset of World War I led to his leaving Eatons and enlisting in the Canadian Expeditionary Force serving in Europe, but seeing little if any action. After the war, Butlin returned to England where he used some of his last £5 (2011:£) to purchase a stall in his uncle Marshall Hill's travelling fair. As a showman, Butlin ultimately created his own travelling fair. Butlin soon had fixed fairground sites as well as his travelling fair – the first was at Olympia in London outside Bertram Mills' Circus. In 1925, he opened a set of fairground stalls in Barry Island, Wales where he observed the way landladies in seaside resorts would (sometimes literally) push families out of the lodgings between meals, and began to nurture the idea of a holiday camp similar to the one he had attended whilst an employee at Eatons. ==Butlin's camp==

During the early 1930s, Butlin joined the board of Harry Warner's holiday camp company (now Warner Leisure Hotels) and in 1935 he observed the construction of Warner's holiday camp in Seaton, Devon. Butlin learned from the experience of Warner, and employed the workers who had constructed the Seaton camp to come to Lincolnshire to build his new camp at Skegness. Butlin designed the camp himself and said of the camp, "my plans were for 1,000 people in 600 chalets with electricity, running water, 250 bathrooms, dining and recreational halls. A theatre, a gymnasium, a rhododendron bordered swimming pool with cascades at both ends and a boating lake." However, Butlin hired the architect Harold Ridley Hooper, to draw up the formal plans for the camp buildings. In the camp's landscaped grounds, there were to be tennis courts, bowling and putting greens and cricket pitches. He opened his camp on 11 April 1936 (Easter Even). It was officially opened by Amy Johnson from Hull, who had been the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia. An advertisement costing £500 (2011:£) was placed in the Daily Express, announcing the opening of the camp and inviting the public to book for a week's holiday. The advertisement offered holidays with three meals a day and free entertainment with a week's full board, at a cost of between 35 shillings (£1.75) and £3 (2011:£), according to the time of year. The advert proved successful, and over the first summer season the capacity of the camp had to be increased from 500 to 2,000, to cope with the demand. In 1938, Butlin gained the contract to supply amusements to the Empire Exhibition in Glasgow. After the exhibition was complete, Butlin returned with some of the infrastructure. His Clacton camp and Sheerness amusement park each received miniature railways, while Skegness received a building in the shape of the "Butlin theatre" which was later renamed the "Gaiety". Butlin continued to increase the capacity of the camp until 3 September 1939 when the Second World War was declared. The next morning, the campers were sent home and the site was taken over by the Royal Navy for use as a training facility. ==Wartime use==

Once the Navy took over, the camp became known as HMS Royal Arthur and was used to train sailors for the war effort. To operate as a military base, many of the bright external colours were overpainted, the dance hall became an armoury, and the rose beds were dug up, to become sites for air raid shelters. While the outside was repainted, much of the interior décor continued unchanged. Speaking of his time there, George Melly reported that Royal Arthur had "a certain architectural frivolity inappropriate to a Royal Navy Shore Establishment". Melly mentioned how the main reception still had a sky scene with clouds painted on the ceiling and a large artificial (though realistic) tree in the centre of it. He also observed that their meals were served from an approximation of an Elizabethan inn named "Ye Olde Pigge and Whistle". During the war, the German air force bombed Royal Arthur 52 times, including one incident on 21 August 1940 when an attack led to damage or demolition of 900 small buildings. By the end of the conflict, the camp had survived in a condition requiring only 6 weeks for wartime damage to be repaired and enabled Butlin to reopen the camp to the public on 11 May 1946. ==Later history==

In 1947, Butlin had experimented with opening an airfield attached to his camp at Pwllheli. Patrons could fly in, to be collected by a Redcoat and transported to the camp. Flight magazine reported that "flying visitors were unanimous in their praise of what they saw and experienced", observing that the experience contrasted to the poor reputations the camps were being given in the media at the time. Welcoming the experiment as a success, Butlin announced his intention to open airfields at his other camps. The following year he opened his next airfield at Skegness and announced that visitors could fly to the camp on a service run by BEA from 26 June. The airfield also allowed Butlin's to offer services such as pleasure trips and sightseeing trips, as well as allowing private charters. Butlin's had a long history of combining amusements with transport, starting with their first miniature railway at the Empire Exhibition in 1938. Skegness was to receive its own miniature railway in 1962. A chairlift system was installed at the same time. In 1965, the camp became home to the UK's first commercial monorail system. According to Peter Scott, who has researched the history of Butlin's transport systems, Butlin apparently gained the idea for the system from Disneyland. Construction began in 1964 with the cars being manufactured locally; the total cost of the system was £50,000 (2011:£). In 1974, a fire broke out in the kitchens of the Beachcomber Chinese restaurant leading to the complete destruction of the Princes building. In the Ballroom upstairs, a "Miss Personality Competition" was taking place when smoke was first spotted. The Redcoat in Charge of this event and the compère acted quickly, and were able to evacuate the building with no loss of life. To compensate for the loss of the entertainment venue, the fenceline was moved to encompass the Ingoldmells Hotel, which then became another venue. In 1987, the resort benefited from a £14 million (2011:£) investment and improvement scheme, following which the resort was known as Funcoast World. As with its Bognor Regis and Minehead counterparts, the Skegness resort underwent further improvement work in 1998 with the construction of the Skyline Pavilion. The improvement programme also included the construction of 1,045 brand new accommodation units, making it the largest timber-frame construction project in Europe that year. At the same time, the company dropped its use of the possessive apostrophe, changing from Butlin's to Butlins; after the refurbishment the resort was renamed Butlins Resort Skegness. ==Butlins Resort Skegness==

Today the resort caters for over 400,000 visitors per year with 350,000 being resident and 70,000 visiting for the day. and currently employs 1,200 staff each year, 40 of which make up the Redcoat team. Over the years many of the attractions have been removed, including the monorail at the end of 2002. However the resort still retains several swimming pools and a funfair. Today it provides a range of activities such as rock climbing, fencing, and archery. It also provides a wide range of entertainment, aided by the formation of strategic partnerships with popular brands, including Britain's Got Talent, Thomas & Friends, Brainiac: Science Abuse, Guinness World Records, Bob the Builder, The Masked Singer and Angelina Ballerina. ==Pop culture and other influences==

In 1962, the camp played a part in the formation of the line up of the Beatles, when Paul McCartney and John Lennon visited to meet Ringo Starr, who was playing drums with Rory Storm and the Hurricanes at the time, to offer Starr the drummer's position with The Beatles, who had just secured a recording contract. Storm's group had a summer booking at the camp, following on from the previous year. It was in 1960, whilst playing Butlin's Pwllheli camp, that Richard Starkey used his stage name Ringo Starr. The first song McCartney himself ever sang in public was "Long Tall Sally", at a Butlin's talent competition. For several years between 1956 and 1959, the comedian and TV presenter Dave Allen worked as a Redcoat at the camp. Allen found that he could not escape it, saying, "You can't get away once they know you—unless you lock yourself in your chalet. If you put on a moustache and dark glasses they'd think you were doing a stunt." Other acts who have performed at the camp during the careers include Laurel and Hardy, T'Pau, and Suzi Quatro. He later confirmed this as a joke. ==Entertainment==

at Butlins Skegness The Skegness camp contained all the standard Butlins entertainment ingredients: Butlins Redcoats, a funfair, a ballroom, a boating lake, tennis courts, a sports field (for the three legged and egg & spoon races and the donkey derby), table tennis and snooker tables, amusement arcades, a theatre, arcades of shops, a chairlift system and a miniature railway. Butlins Skegness developed the Ex More Adventures which include a climbing wall, diving courses, horse riding, Land Rover safari, fly fishing and sea fishing, sailing, canoeing and coasteering, some of which are held at Exmoor National Park. Topping The Bill At Your Centre Stage In Skegness • Spider-Man The Musical (30 April 1999 – 25 June 1999) • The Mask Musical (28 June 1999 – September 1999) • Casper The Musical (6 September 1999 – 26 November 1999) ==Official visits==

• On Saturday 29 February 1992, Prince Edward visited Funcoast World, for a reception of industrialists, in connection with the Duke of Edinburgh's Award, in association with East Midlands Electricity. The Prince later visited a caravan park, and a meeting for voluntary organisations at the Seacroft Hotel. ==Bibliography==