River Jordan, Dorset

The river's name is the same derivation as that of the nearby Jordan Hill, most probably from the Old English "cerr dūn" meaning "hill at the bend" (thus "Jordan Hill" is tautological). The former spelling of the name, Jordon, includes the Common Brittonic suffix "-don". A second possible origin is that "Jordan" is derived from "Chur dūn", or "hill on the River Chur". The river is sometimes referred to as the Preston River, after one of the river's two tributaries. == Course ==

The river is fed by two streams rising in the Dorset Downs; the source of the Preston River is Spring Bottom, approximately north of Sutton Poyntz. The other stream, known as the Osmington Brook, rises further east near Osmington. This area of the Dorset Downs is part of the Wessex Ridgeway; the springs emerge from the upper chalk of the escarpment. From its sources, the river flows into Sutton Poyntz where the two streams converge. The northern branch of the river fed two corn mills—Sutton Upper Mill (also known as Sutton Poyntz Mill) and Sutton Mill. Upper Mill—along with Sutton Poyntz as a whole—was the inspiration for the mill and village of Overcombe in Thomas Hardy's The Trumpet-Major. The stream here forms the village duck pond, which was created as the mill race for Sutton Mill. Downstream of the mill, the river is crossed by Roman Bridge. Although the name suggests the bridge is of Roman origin, it is more likely to have been built after the Norman conquest of England—a hypothesis supported by Charles Warne and Sir Talbot Baker. Continuing south, the river flows to the east of Jordan Hill and bisects the site of Preston Roman Villa—although at the time of the construction of the Romano-British building, the river's course was different. The river discharges into Bowleaze Cove, Crossings Osmington Brook Near its source, the Osmington Brook is bridged at Hall's Farm, and is crossed by an inland section of the South West Coast Path. A number of footpaths cross the brook at Northdown Farm, after which it is crossed by Sutton Road in Sutton Poyntz shortly upstream of the confluence with the Preston River. Upstream of Sutton Mill, a footbridge crosses the mill race before it is fed under the mill buildings. Downstream of the mill, the river is crossed by Sutton Road and Puddledock Lane, before joining with the Osmington Brook. == History ==

Evidence exists of Neolithic and Iron Age inhabitation of the land near the river. A Roman villa was built on the banks of the River Jordan, and was in use until the third or fourth century AD—much like the nearby Jordan Hill Roman Temple. The river featured in Constable's Weymouth Bay: Bowleaze Cove and Jordon Hill (1816–17); it is likely that the inspiration from the painting originated with Constable's honeymoon to Osmington in 1816. The canvas is displayed in the National Gallery; Constable painted a similar (but larger) version entitled Osmington Shore which was exhibited at the British Institution in 1819. The funnel was decommissioned in 2004, and Wessex Water donated it to the SS Great Britain Trust in Bristol. Flooding The latter half of the 20th century saw extensive flooding of the river at Sutton Poyntz and Preston. Floods occurred in 1955, 1977, 1979, 1983, 1993 and 2003, and the Environment Agency established the River Jordan Flood Alleviation Scheme to investigate methods of flood prevention. At this time, the agency designated the river as a Critical Ordinary Watercourse (COW). Studies concluded that flooding was caused by silting of the river near Preston Mill, the constriction of flow through bridge arches, and obstructions of culverts. It is likely that heavy rainfall exacerbates the flooding, particularly through increased discharge of the Preston Brook. == References ==