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Skyway

A skyway, skybridge, skywalk, or sky walkway is an elevated type of pedway connecting two or more buildings in an urban area, or connecting elevated points within mountainous recreational zones. Urban skyways very often take the form of enclosed or covered footbridges that protect pedestrians from the weather. Open-top modern skyways in mountains now often have glass bottoms. Sometimes enclosed urban skywalks are made almost totally from glass, including ceilings, walls and floors. Also, some urban skyways function strictly as linear parks designed for walking.

Early examples
in Venice, Italy • Florence, Italy, Vasari Corridor, connects Palazzo Vecchio to Uffizi and then to Palazzo Pitti, 16th century • Venice, Italy, Bridge of Sighs, connects Doge's Palace and prison, 16th century • Copenhagen, Denmark: skywalk connecting courts building to adjacent uses, 18th century • Faaborg, Funen, Denmark: skywalk in centrum, 18th century == Environmental factors ==
Environmental factors
in Itäkeskus, Helsinki, Finland Besides pedestrian safety and convenience, the chief reasons assigned by urban planners for skywalk development are decrease of traffic congestion, reduction in vehicular air pollution and separation of people from vehicular noise. A number of cities (for example, Spokane, Washington) have given intricate analysis to skywalk systems employing computer models to optimize skywalk layout. == Negative impacts ==
Negative impacts
There is debate about the negative impact on urban areas of skyways. Robertson (1988) noted the negative impacts to street activities, and reductions to the property value at ground level. Woo (2012) found that skywalk systems could be negatively associated with promoting consumerism. Cui (2015) called for more research into the impact of skyways in developing countries. The Cincinnati Skywalk in Ohio was dismantled because of these concerns. == Cities with notable systems ==
Cities with notable systems
North America There are significant skyway networks in many cities in Canada, such as Calgary and Winnipeg, and in the midwestern United States, such as Minneapolis, Saint Paul, Des Moines, Cedar Rapids, Rochester, and Duluth. Most networks in North America are privately owned. Notable exceptions are skyways in Saint Paul and in New York (High Line), which are publicly owned. The largest discontinuous network is in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and the second largest continuous network is in Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S, who held the record for the longest until 2025. One of the most famous similar cantilevered skybridges, that looks like uppered ship from the bird's-eye and submarine from the ground, known in Singapore's Marina Bay Sands resort complex of skyscrapers. One of the most impressionable hanging pedestrian skybridges, supported by two giant hands, Golden Bridge now attracts tourists in Ba Na Hills near Da Nang, Vietnam. In Bangkok, Thailand there are more than 5.4 km of covered wide dedicated elevated skywalks with lighting. These were developed due to lack of proper sidewalks as well as street hawkers and local merchants taking advantage of any sidewalk space as makeshift commercial real estate. Common reasons skywalks were built include to avoid street pollution, dust, wetness from food vendors and/or rain, potholes, long queues, crowds, and uneven pavement, supporting urbanism but probably most importantly, tourism receipts. Most skywalks connect to a BTS station and utilize space underneath the rail line and BTS pillar supports. These skywalks have connector ramps which connect stations to malls seamlessly and are paid for by the malls themselves, otherwise the city and BTS fund walkway development. A 50km long extension project was shelved in 2011 due to funding issues, nevertheless the system is growing organically. In Hong Kong, there are numerous foot bridge networks across the city. Particularly large networks exists around elevated or at grade MTR stations and connections between malls and housing estates in new town centers. The largest network spans Admiralty, Central and parts of Sheung Wan districts in the CBD and consists of the Central Elevated and Central–Mid-Levels Walkway systems which link up over 40 major office buildings. The Central–Mid-Levels walkway system is the longest outdoor covered escalator system in the world according to Guinness World Records.[9][10] Other large systems exist in Tsuen Wan and Mong Kok. The Mumbai Skywalk Project, India is a discontinuous network of over 50 km of skywalks in Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India. The skyways connect Mumbai Suburban Railway stations to important junctions, each 1 to 2 km in length. The first of these is a 1.3 km (0.8 mi) long skywalk connecting the suburban regions of Bandra and Kurla. Europe in Munich, Germany Brussels, Belgium has a skyway between the two Belgacom Towers. London has skywalks on the Barbican Estate and London Wall. The City of London Pedway Scheme was devised as part of the post World War II reconstruction plans for London, it was put into effect mainly from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s and eventually abandoned by the 1980s. Shad Thames has picturesque skyways between former warehouses, used in part to roll barrels between them. Liverpool conceived a project of building skyways around the city centre during the 1960s. The project saw bridges linking key buildings around the city centre, such as James Street railway station, Moorfields railway station and New Hall Place. Crime and low usage of the bridges stopped the project being fully imagined and by the end of the year 2000 nearly all of bridges had been removed, though evidence of the scheme still exists in some places. Sheffield, South Yorkshire has a famous skyway between two blocks of flats in the Park Hill Estate housing block with the phrase "I Love You Will U Marry Me" graffitied onto it. It has since become the subject of songs by local singers and bands such as Arctic Monkeys and Yungblud. The twin towers of the Highlight Towers in Munich, Germany are joined by two skyways made of glass and steel. The Promenade Plantée in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, France includes pedestrian bridges and a linear park on an aqueduct of a former railway. AustraliaMelbourne, Australia, four blocks and Airport ==Gallery==
Gallery
File:1 oxford bridge of sighs 2012.jpg|Bridge of Sighs in Oxford File:Cor IMG 4417.JPG|Vasari Corridor in Florence File:Skybridge1.jpg|The Bridge of Aspiration, a skybridge in Covent Garden, London File:Hotel Kupa po rekonstrukci.jpg|Hotel Kupa, Prague-Háje, Czechia File:Bochum - Schillerstraße - Bergbaumuseum 03 ies.jpg|German Mining Museum in Bochum File:SkyBridgeInterlaken.jpg|Skyway in Interlaken, Switzerland File:Pedestrian overpass in Münster.JPG|A Skyway serving as part of a café, Münster, Germany File:SkyBridgeMunich.jpg|Skyway in Munich, Bavaria File:University of Leeds (4th May 2010) 031.jpg|A Brutalist skyway at the University of Leeds, England File:SkyBridge.JPG|An inside view of the skybridge of Petronas Towers File:Bridge to Pier 6, Gatwick North Terminal - geograph.org.uk - 74055.jpg|This skyway at London Gatwick Airport is designed to allow aircraft to pass under File:Calgary Plus 15.jpg|A three-storey bridge at The Core Shopping Centre in Calgary File:Seattle skyway 6th and pine.jpg|Skyway at 6th Avenue at Pine St in Seattle File:2006ComputexDay5-17.jpg|The skyway system in Taipei File:La Promenade Plantée, April 2015 008.jpg|Promenade Plantée in Paris File:Singapore The Pinnacle@Duxton 03.jpg|The Pinnacle@Duxton in Singapore File:Leipzig - Burgplatz + Lotterstraße + Neues Rathaus + Stadthaus 01 ies.jpg|Neues Rathaus in Leipzig == See also ==
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