1960s: Pre-Soneta Oma was an
baritone, with a "warm, husky, and strong"
timbre, unlike many of the popular
tenor singers of the 1960s. She modeled her singing technique on American folk singer
Bob Dylan, American blues guitarist
Elmore James, and American pop and country singer
Roy Orbison. Oma Irama's first bands were known as Tornado and Gayhand and covered Western rock and roll music of
Paul Anka,
Andy Williams, and
The Beatles. In the late 1960s Oma Irama, sang Javanese and also some Indonesian pop music. In 1968 he joined the group Orkes Melayu Purnama in 1968. This group pioneered elements of the dangdut style within
Orkes Melayu music – the drum was changed to double drum, the electric guitar's role was expanded, and the
suling, or bamboo flute, adopted a style reminiscent of Bollywood music. He also recorded Indonesian pop music during this period with the Zaenal Combo and Galaksi, while the album
Ingkar Janji was recorded in 1969 with Orkes Melayu Chandraleka.
Early 1970s: Soneta Group Once Oma broke off from recording with the Purnama Group, he formed Orkes Melayu Soneta (taken from Indonesian word of
sonnet), which became the first dangdut group in 1970. The subtitle,
the sound of Moslems was added in 1973. The group featured Oma Irama and
Elvy Sukaesih as singers, both solo, and duets. Their first album,
Volume 01, Begadang ("Stay up all night"), released in 1973, featured four songs by Oma Irama, three by
Elvy, and three duets. The song featured a topless Oma Irama wearing tight trousers and holding an electric guitar. His choice of pose showed the influence on his music of Western bands, influences which also found their way into his music – Orkes Melayu was in his opinion was too soft, too acoustic, too polite, and unable to compete against the power and energy of rock music, and so the music was electrified, with keyboard, two electric guitars, electric bass, as well as the traditional suling and gendang. He has stated that he took his guitar style from
Ritchie Blackmore of
Deep Purple. In addition to Western and Malay influences,
Hindi composers were credited for some of the band's songs. The
Begadang album ranked No. 11 on
Rolling Stone Indonesias "
150 Greatest Indonesian Albums of All Time" list. Furthermore, the main single "Begadang" reached at number 24 on the magazine's "
150 Greatest Indonesian Songs of All Time" list. His 1973 hit "
Terajana", one of the best-known dangdut songs of all time, was the first to use the newly coined, and arguably derogatory, term
dangdut, distinguishing the Javanese Orkes Melayu music, heavily influenced by Indian
Bollywood records, henceforth dangdut, from the established Orkes Melayu, associated with North Sumatran
Malays. Once Soneta was established in the early 1970s, Oma changed his name to Rhoma and went on a decade-long run of successful hit records and films, all of which starred Rhoma playing himself while performing all of his hits. He wrote the classics "Kereta Malam" (night train) and "Kuda Lumping" which were sung by
Elvy Sukaesih. Performing live, he adopted many of the props of
stadium rock, including large audiences, powerful sound systems, complex sets, fireworks, flashing lights, and smoke machines. He is also notable with the use of some notable musical instruments including various models of
Steinberger guitars. This particular guitar was shown off in his posters, leaflets, movies, and pin-ups.
Late 1970s onward: Islamic pious music Following his 1975
hajj, he took the name Rhoma Irama, which is an abbreviation of "Raden Haji Oma Irama" (Raden is an aristocracy title for
Javanese and
Sundanese cultures). Following this pilgrimage, he took on a more explicit Islamic moral tone, adopting Islamic dress, shorter hairstyles, and ejecting band members who consumed alcohol or had extra-marital sex. He also resolved that his music should instruct, and not merely entertain, a form of devotion waged through music. Themes in his music included extra-marital sex, government corruption, drugs, and gambling. The song "Haram" for instance, warns against both drugs and gambling, while the song "Keramat" asserts the instructions in Islam to honor mothers. His 1982 movie
Perjuangan dan Doa (Struggle and Prayer) was described as the world's first Islamic rock musical movie. ==Politics==