The
Constitution of India delineates the roles and responsibilities of both the central and state governments, with matters related to police, public order, and law and order falling under the purview of the state governments. India has 28 state police agencies. Each
state has a state police force and its own distinct
state police services, headed by the
director general of police (DGP) or
commissioner of police (in metropolitan areas), who is an
Indian Police Service officer. The state police forces operate under the authority of the respective
state governments and are empowered to enforce laws, prevent crime, investigate offenses, and maintain public order. Most municipal or city police agencies operate under their respective state police departments, with the exception of the
Kolkata Police. State police agencies typically have jurisdiction across the entire state. However, in
West Bengal, the jurisdiction of the state police excludes
Kolkata, which is served by the Kolkata Police. The police forces of
union territories in India are either directly or indirectly under the purview of the
union government. Unlike state police forces, the
Delhi Police operate under the direct control of the Union
Ministry of Home Affairs, government of India due to Delhi's status as both the national capital territory and a union territory. While they function under the respective union territory administrations for day-to-day operations and governance, their ultimate authority and oversight lie with the central government. The
Indian Police Service (IPS) is not a law enforcement agency in its own right; rather it is the body to which all senior police officers of all states belong regardless of the agency for whom they work. The IPS officers provide senior level leadership to law enforcement agencies, both at the state and federal levels. ==Mexico==