Colleges of the University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge has 31 colleges, founded between the 13th and 20th centuries. No colleges were founded between 1596 (Sidney Sussex College) and 1800 (Downing College), which allows the colleges to be distinguished into two groups according to foundation date: • the 16 "old" colleges, founded between 1284 and 1596, and • the 15 "new" colleges, founded between 1800 and 1977. The oldest college is Peterhouse, founded in 1284, and the newest is Robinson, founded in 1977. Homerton, which was first founded in the eighteenth century as a dissenting academy (and later teacher training college), attained full college status in 2010. Six of the "new" colleges (Churchill, Fitzwilliam, Girton, Lucy Cavendish, Murray Edwards and St Edmund's) are located on Castle Hill and are thus sometimes referred to as "hill colleges". ==Restrictions on entry==

All 16 of the "old" colleges and 8 of the 15 "new" ones admit both male and female students as both undergraduates and postgraduates, without any age restrictions. Seven colleges restrict entry by sex, or by age of undergraduates, or admit only postgraduates: • Murray Edwards and Newnham admit only women; • Clare Hall and Darwin admit only postgraduates; • Hughes Hall, St Edmund's and Wolfson admit only mature students and postgraduates. No colleges are all-male, although most originally were. Darwin, founded in 1964, was the first mixed college. In 1972, Churchill, Clare and King's colleges were the first previously all-male colleges to admit women, whilst King's accepted only students from Eton College until 1865. The last all-male college to become mixed was Magdalene, in 1988. In 1973, Hughes Hall became the first all-female college to admit men, and Girton first admitted men in 1979. Lucy Cavendish admitted only female mature students and postgraduates until 2021. Newnham also places restrictions on the admission of staff members, allowing only women to become fellows of the college. Murray Edwards does not place this restriction on fellows. ==Architectural influence==

The Cambridge and Oxford colleges have served as an architectural inspiration for Collegiate Gothic architecture, used by a number of American universities including Princeton University, Cornell University, University of Chicago, and Washington University in St. Louis since the late nineteenth century. ==List of colleges==

There are also several theological colleges in the city of Cambridge (for example Ridley Hall, Wesley House, Westcott House and Westminster College) that are affiliated with the university through the Cambridge Theological Federation. These colleges, while not officially part of the University of Cambridge, operate programmes that are either validated by or are taught on behalf either of the university or of Anglia Ruskin or Durham Universities. ==Heads of colleges==

Most colleges are led by a Master, even when the Master is female. However, there are some exceptions, listed below. Girton College has always had a Mistress, even though male candidates have been able to run for the office since 1976. • Mistress: Girton College • President: Clare Hall, Hughes Hall, Lucy Cavendish College, Murray Edwards College, Queens' College, Wolfson College • Principal: Homerton College, Newnham College • Provost: King's College • Warden: Robinson College Also see List of current heads of University of Cambridge colleges. ==Former colleges==

The above list does not include several former colleges that no longer exist. These include: • Ayerst Hostel, founded in 1884 by William Ayerst but closed in 1896. Buildings used by St Edmund's House from 1896 and later St Edmund's College in 1996. • Buckingham College, founded in 1428 as a Benedictine hall, refounded as Magdalene in 1542. • Bull College, an unofficial college for US GIs returning from World War II, existing in Michaelmas 1945 and Lent 1946. • Cavendish College, founded in 1873, an attempt to allow poorer students to sit the Tripos examinations, whose buildings were bought by Homerton in 1895. • "Clare Hall" was the name of Clare College between 1338 and 1856. Clare College founded a new college named Clare Hall in 1966. • Gonville Hall, founded in 1348, and re-founded in 1557 as Gonville and Caius College. • God's House, founded in 1437, and re-founded in 1505 as Christ's College. • King's Hall, founded in 1317, and combined with Michaelhouse to form Trinity College in 1546. • Michaelhouse, founded in 1324, and combined with King's Hall to form Trinity College in 1546. • New Hall, founded in 1954, and re-founded in 2008 as Murray Edwards College • Physwick Hostel – a predecessor of Gonville and Caius College • University College, founded in 1965, and re-founded in 1972 as Wolfson College • University Hall, founded in 1326, refounded as Clare Hall in 1338, renamed as Clare College in 1856. ==See also==