The family Bignoniaceae was first
validly published in the botanical literature (as Bignonieae) by
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his
classic work,
Genera Plantarum. The
type genus for this family is
Bignonia, which was validated by
Linnaeus in
Species Plantarum in 1753. The name originated with
Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, who named it for his benefactor,
Jean-Paul Bignon, in 1694, in his influential
Eléments de botanique ou méthode pour connaître les plantes. Important groundwork for future study of the family was laid down from 1789 to 1837, mostly by Jussieu,
Kunth,
Bojer and G.Don (
George Don (1798–1856) not
George Don the elder (1764–1814).
Karl Moritz Schumann wrote a
monograph on Bignoniaceae in 1894 for
Engler and
Prantl's
Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. After Schumann's monograph, no taxonomic treatment of the entire family was published until 2004.
Classification In the
APG IV system of
classification for flowering plants, Bignoniaceae is one of the 24 families in the order Lamiales. (Lamiales has 25 families if Rehmanniaceae are accepted). Within the order, Bignoniaceae is in a
group of eight families consisting of
Thomandersiaceae,
Pedaliaceae,
Martyniaceae,
Schlegeliaceae, Bignoniaceae,
Verbenaceae,
Acanthaceae, and
Lentibulariaceae. This group is described as a
polytomy, meaning no two of its members are known to be more closely related to each other than to any of the others. In the 20th century, the only issues of circumscription were whether
Paulowniaceae and
Schlegeliaceae should be merged into Bignoniaceae, or accepted as separate families. Crescentiina is composed of two strongly supported clades,
informally named the
Tabebuia alliance and the Paleotropical clade. The tribe Crescentieae is
embedded in the
Tabebuia alliance and might be expanded to include
Spirotecoma.
Perianthomega has been transferred from Tecomeae
sensu stricto to Bignonieae, where it is sister to the remainder of the tribe.
Roseodendron and
Handroanthus were
resurrected from
Tabebuia in 2007.
Mayodendron and
Pachyptera have been resurrected. In 2009, Six of these groups have been recognized as tribes at one time or another, and are represented by their tribal names. Two of the groups are
monogeneric and are designated by their constituent genera,
Argylia and
Delostoma. The other two groups are given informal names, pending a formal revision of the infrafamilial
classification.
Astianthus has never been
sampled for
DNA and its
systematic position within the family remains obscure. Likewise, the placement of
Romeroa in the
Tabebuia alliance and the placement of
Sphingiphila in Bignonieae are in doubt.
Tecomaria is not included in the list below, and its recognition is controversial. It is
monotypic (
Tecomaria capensis), and had been long accepted, but was returned to
Tecoma in 1980. A molecular phylogenetic study resolved it as
sister to another
South African genus,
Podranea, but with only weak
bootstrap support.
Tecomaria has not yet been resurrected or transferred to another genus. The tribe Bignonieae has been the subject of considerable revision since 2006. Fischer
et al. placed 46 genera in this tribe. Afterward,
Perianthomega was transferred to it from Tecomeae
sensu lato and
Pachyptera was resurrected from
Mansoa. Twenty-five of the genera of Fischer have been subsumed into other genera as follows:
Gardnerodoxa into
Neojobertia;
Memora into
Adenocalymma;
Leucocalantha into
Pachyptera;
Pseudocatalpa, Paragonia, Periarrabidaea, Spathicalyx, and
Ceratophytum into
Tanaecium;
Arrabidaea and
Piriadacus into
Fridericia;
Clytostoma, Cydista, Macranthisiphon, Mussatia, Phryganocydia, Potamoganos, Roentgenia and
Saritaea into
Bignonia; also
Distictis, Glaziovia, Haplolophium, and
Pithecoctenium into
Amphilophium. Thus, 23 genera are now recognized in Bignonieae. ;
Incertae sedis •
Astianthus ;Tribe
Jacarandeae •
Jacaranda (synonym
Digomphia) ;Tribe
Tourrettieae •
Eccremocarpus •
Tourrettia ;Genus
Argylia ;Tribe
Tecomeae •
Campsidium •
Campsis •
Deplanchea •
Dinklageodoxa •
Incarvillea •
Lamiodendron •
Neosepicaea •
Pandorea •
Podranea •
Tecoma •
Tecomanthe ;Genus
Delostoma ===Tribe
Bignonieae=== •
Adenocalymma •
Amphilophium (synonym
Distictella) •
Anemopaegma •
Bignonia •
Callichlamys •
Cuspidaria •
Dolichandra •
Fridericia •
Lundia •
Manaosella •
Mansoa •
Martinella •
Neojobertia •
Pachyptera •
Perianthomega •
Pleonotoma •
Pyrostegia •
Stizophyllum •
Tanaecium (synonym
Sphingiphila) •
Tynanthus •
Xylophragma ;Tribe
Oroxyleae •
Hieris •
Millingtonia •
Nyctocalos •
Oroxylum ;Tribe
Catalpeae •
Chilopsis •
Catalpa ===
Crescentiina group=== ====
Tabebuia alliance==== •
Amphitecna •
Crescentia •
Cybistax •
Ekmanianthe •
Godmania •
Handroanthus •
Paratecoma •
Parmentiera •
Romeroa •
Roseodendron •
Sparattosperma •
Spirotecoma •
Tabebuia •
Zeyheria Paleotropical clade •
Catophractes •
Colea (synonym
Ophiocolea) •
Dolichandrone •
Fernandoa (synonym
Haplophragma) •
Heterophragma •
Kigelia •
Markhamia •
Mayodendron •
Newbouldia •
Pajanelia •
Pauldopia •
Perichlaena •
Phyllarthron •
Phylloctenium •
Radermachera •
Rhigozum •
Rhodocolea •
Tecomella •
Santisukia •
Spathodea •
Stereospermum Obsolete genera •
Arrabidaea •
Ceratophytum •
Clytostoma •
Cydista •
Distictis •
Gardnerodoxa •
Glaziovia •
Haplolophium •
Leucocalantha •
Macfadyena •
Macranthisiphon •
Melloa •
Memora •
Mussatia •
Parabignonia •
Paragonia •
Periarrabidaea •
Phryganocydia •
Piriadacus •
Pithecoctenium •
Potamoganos •
Pseudocatalpa •
Roentgenia •
Saritaea •
Spathicalyx == Uses ==