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National Tramway Museum

The National Tramway Museum is a transport museum located at Crich, in the Peak District of the English county of Derbyshire. The museum's collection of trams is officially designated as being of national importance and encompasses the 1860s to the present day. The museum is set within a reconstructed historic village, featuring a traditional public house, café, period-style sweetshop, and a tram depot. Many of the trams are fully operational and provide rides for visitors along a scenic route that runs through the village and into the surrounding countryside.

History of the museum
History of the site George Stephenson, the great railway pioneer, had a close connection with Crich and the present (2008) tramway follows part of the mineral railway he built to link the quarry with Ambergate. While building the North Midland Railway from Derby to Rotherham and Leeds, Stephenson had found rich coal seams in the Clay Cross area and he saw a new business opportunity. Crich was already well known for the quality of the limestone and Stephenson recognised that he could use the local coal and limestone to produce burnt lime for agricultural purposes, and then use the new railway to distribute it. Cliff Quarry, where the museum is now located, was acquired by Stephenson's company and to link the quarry with limekilns he had built at Ambergate, Stephenson constructed a gauge line – apparently the first metre gauge railway in the world. Stephenson lived the last 10 years of his life in Chesterfield, often bringing visitors to Crich to see the mineral railway. He died in 1848 and is buried in Holy Trinity Church, Chesterfield. Cliff Quarry remained in use until it closed in 1957/8, and shortly afterwards part of it was acquired for use by the museum. Other parts of the quarry, now known as Crich Quarry, reopened in the 1960s and was then operated by RMC and Tarmac. In 2000 ownership of the active quarry site was transferred to Bardon Aggregates, who closed the quarry in 2010. It remains closed. Tramway Museum Society In the period after the Second World War, when most of the remaining British tramways were in decline or actually closing, the first event in the history of the National Tramway Museum took place. A group of enthusiasts on a farewell tour of Southampton Tramways in August 1948 decided to purchase one of the open top trams on which they had ridden. For the sum of £10 () they purchased number 45 – now included in collection at the museum. From this purchase grew the idea of a working museum devoted to operating tramcars. From the original group developed the Tramway Museum Society, established in 1955, incorporated as a company limited by guarantee in 1962, and recognised as an educational charity in 1963. Acquisition of the site After a sustained search across the country, in 1959 the society's attention was drawn to the then derelict limestone quarry at Crich in Derbyshire, from which members of the Talyllyn Railway Preservation Society were recovering track from Stephenson's mineral railway for their pioneering preservation project in Wales. After a tour of the quarry, members of the society agreed to lease – and later purchase – part of the site and buildings. Over the years, by the efforts of the society members, a representative collection of tramcars was brought together and restored, tramway equipment was acquired, a working tramway was constructed and depots and workshops were built. Recognising that tramcars did not operate in limestone quarries, the society agreed in 1967 to create around the tramway the kind of streetscape through which the trams had run and thus the concept of the Crich Tramway Village was born. Members then turned their attention to collecting items of street furniture and even complete buildings, which were then adapted to house the Museum's collections of books, photographs and archives. • 1964 – First electric tram service • 1969 – Opening of purpose built workshops • 1978 – Opening of scenic tramway to Glory Mine • 1990 – Museum loans trams for Gateshead Garden Festival • 1991 – Exhibition Hall inaugurated • 2004 – Woodland Walk and Sculpture Trail inaugurated by the Dowager Duchess of Devonshire • 2020 – The museum remained closed for most of the year due to the COVID-19 pandemic • 2026 – The museum reverts to using the name National Tramway Museum ==The museum's site==
The museum's site
The museum site is made up of a number of different areas, with the museum's tramway passing either through or adjacent to all of them. The museum's main entrance delivers visitors to the Victoria Park area, but the trams start their journey at Town End, a walk or short tram ride under the Bowes Lyon Bridge and down Period Street. Amongst the buildings and furniture in the street are: • the grade II listed 1763 facade of the Derby Assembly Rooms, moved to the site in 1975–76. The modern building behind this facade houses a number of small exhibitions and the Tramway Museum Society's library. • the original workshop of Stephenson's railway, now housing the Stephenson Discovery Centre. • a cast iron and glass tram shelter, thought to originate in Birmingham, at the Town End tram stop • a Bundy clock, originally used in West Bromwich to regulate departure times of trams from termini. • a cast iron urinal, originally located at the Erleigh Road terminus of Reading Corporation Tramways. • a police box dating from the 1930s and a police call post dating from the 1920s. Both were formerly used by the London's Metropolitan Police and are grade II listed. • a Penfold pillar box, dating from 1872 to 1879, and a K1 telephone box, dating from 1921. Both were used by the Post Office and are grade II listed. Stephenson Workshop and Discovery Centre One of the few original buildings on the site that predate the creation of the museum, the Stephenson Workshop was built in the 19th century and was used as a smithy and wagon works for George Stephenson's metre gauge mineral railway. Originally known as the Stone Workshop, the building has been fully restored and is now home to a state of the art learning facility on the ground floor and the Stephenson Discovery Centre on the first floor. The Stephenson Discovery Centre explains the early history of the museum site, including the story of George Stephenson and his acquisition of Cliff Quarry and construction of the mineral railway. It also describes how overcrowding in expanding towns and cities paved the way for in the introductions of trams to Britain in the 19th century. A modern glass bridge from the upper floor provides access to the viewing gallery of the tram workshop (see below). The tram depot includes a workshop, on tracks 1 to 3, used for the maintenance of the tram fleet. This has a viewing gallery, accessed by a glass bridge from the upper floor of the Stephenson Discovery Centre, which allows visitors to watch the work going on below and displays small exhibits relating to this work. Immediately to the north and west of the bridge is Victoria Park, a recreated Victorian era public park. This has, as its centrepiece, a bandstand that was erected here in 1978 but was previously at Longford Park in Stretford, Greater Manchester. From the park, a path leads to the museum's Woodland Walk and Sculpture Trail. Alongside the park is a tram stop, served by both inbound and outbound trams and named after the park. To the east of the park, on the opposite side of the tramway, is the museum entrance. Wakebridge and Glory Mine Just past the Victoria Park tram stop, the museum's running track transitions from grooved tram track set in a road surface to sleeper track and becomes single track. The line passes between woodland to the west and the now disused Cliff Quarry to the east, before arriving at the Wakebridge passing loop and tram stop. Beyond Wakebridge, the line runs along an exposed hillside with vistas across the valley of the River Derwent, which is here part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. While now largely rural, this valley was one of the cradles of the Industrial Revolution, where the modern factory system was introduced during the 18th century to take advantage of Richard Arkwright's invention of the water frame for spinning cotton. At the end of the line is the Glory Mine tram stop and passing loop. A public footpath crosses the line, giving access to Crich Stand. Woodland Walk and Sculpture Trail The Woodland Walk and Sculpture trail connects the tram stops at Victoria Park and Wakebridge, passing through the mixed woodland that is native to the limestone geology of the Crich area. Tree cover is mostly ash, but also includes sycamore, alder and silver birch, with a shrub layer of hazel, wych elm, wild rose, elder and hawthorn. The combination of the ash canopy and limestone results in a range of ground-cover plants including primrose, early purple orchid, cowslip, marjoram, garlic and strawberries. Most of the sculptures along the trail were carved by the sculptor, Andrew Frost, using a chainsaw and carving a basic shape from a tree trunk before working on the detail. Such sculptures do not last forever, with wood splitting, fungi and the claws of badgers all contributing to their deterioration. The sculpture trail is therefore always evolving, as old sculptures are removed and new ones added. Also to be spotted in the Woodland Walk is a stretch of the original narrow-gauge track as used in the old quarry, and a labyrinth made from old stones left in the quarry. There are views down into the valley of the River Derwent and up to Crich Stand. ==The museum's tramcar collection==
The museum's tramcar collection
The museum has over 80 tramcars in its collection. The majority of these are electric double-decker trams built between 1900 and 1930 for use in a large selection of British towns and cities, but the collection also includes earlier horse and steam hauled trams, more modern trams, and trams built for a number of cities across the world. Many of the cars are in operable condition, and are used on the museum's running line, whilst others are restored in static condition and are displayed in the museum's display hall or elsewhere on the site. A few are stored in unrestored condition, some of these being at the museum's off-site store at Clay Cross. Among this fleet are: • Southampton 45, built in 1903, was the very first tramcar to be preserved by the Tramway Museum Society, purchased for just £10 in 1949, after the closing ceremony of the Southampton Corporation. • Sheffield 15, a horse-drawn tram dating from 1874, was the first tram to operate at the museum, in 1963 and before the electric overhead was erected. The car still operates on a few 'horse tram' days a year. • Blackpool and Fleetwood 2, a single deck tram built in 1898, was the first electric tram to carry passengers at the museum, in 1964. • Blackpool 4 is the oldest electric tram in the collection and built in 1885 for the opening of Britain's first electric street tramway. Stored, and then preserved, by Blackpool tramways, it has been in the care of the museum since 1973. • London United Tramways 159, an electric tram built in 1902 to a particularly luxurious specification to serve London's affluent western suburbs, between Hampton Court, Hammersmith and Wimbledon. • Chesterfield 7, an electric tram built in 1904, survived a depot fire which destroyed many other trams and was also used as a house after withdrawal. The museum found the tram and restored it. • Metropolitan Electric Tramways 331, built in 1930 as a prototype for the fleet of Feltham cars that served London's northern suburbs until the 1950s. • Glasgow 1282, a "Coronation" streamliner, built in 1940 and survived to run in the closing procession in 1962. Built to a very high specification and described as the finest short stage carriage vehicles in Europe. • Sheffield 510, which entered service in 1950 and was withdrawn, still almost brand-new, when the city's tram system closed in 1960. Car 510 was specially decorated for the occasion as ''Sheffield's last tram'', and still retains this decoration. ==The museum's tramway==
The museum's tramway
Running line The running line of the tramway is approximately long. The line starts from a stub terminus at Town End where outbound trams board passengers, having first disembarked inbound passengers at Stephenson Place. From Town End, about the first of line is double track, laid in a setted street, flanked by the buildings of the recreated period village, and including the inbound-only Stephenson Place tram stop. The street scene is closed off by the Bowes-Lyon Bridge, which the line crosses under on interlaced track. Just before the bridge, a junction gives access to the depot and yard. Methods of current collection Most of the museum's trams are electric trams which were designed to be powered by an overhead wire system using one of, or a combination of, trolley poles, bow collectors or pantographs. The museum's overhead wire system has been built so that trams with any of those types of current collection can be used. The current is supplied at 600 volts DC. Other forms of current collection were used by electric trams, especially in the early days of such tramways, and the museum has non-operational displays of several of them: • Conductors set in steel troughs under the roadway, as used on the UK's first street running electric tramway at Blackpool, and represented in Crich by the display of Blackpool 4 in the Exhibition Hall. • The stud contact system, as demonstrated with a dummy stud between the rails in the yard. This is the only known example of this form remaining, and is from Wolverhampton. ==Access to the museum==
Access to the museum
The museum is open from early March to early November on every day of the week except Fridays, and also on Fridays during bank and school holidays. The museum opens at 10:00 and closes at 16:30 on weekdays or 17:30 on weekends and bank holidays. The museum is some north of Derby, south of Sheffield, south-east of Manchester, and north-west of London. There is a large on-site car park. The nearest railway station is Whatstandwell, on the Derwent Valley Line from Derby to Matlock, from which there is a steep uphill walk of about to the museum. The museum is also directly served by roughly hourly bus services from Matlock and Alfreton, and less frequent services from Belper and Ripley. There is no bus service on Sundays. ==In the media==
In the media
The museum features in the opening of the 1969 film Women in Love, and as one of the locations in the 2012 film Sightseers. The museum, under its old name of Crich Tramway Museum, also features in the lyrics of the John Shuttleworth song "Dandelion and Burdock". Amongst the street furniture in the Period Street is a police box of the style made famous as the TARDIS in the Doctor Who TV series. ==See also==
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