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Education in Greece

Education in Greece is centralized and governed by the Ministry of Education, Religious Affairs, and Sports at all grade levels throughout elementary, middle school, and high school. The Ministry exercises control over public schools, formulates and implements legislation, administers the budget, coordinates national level university entrance examinations, sets up the national curriculum, appoints public school teaching staff, and coordinates other services.

Preschool
Most preschools, also known as pre-primary, are attached to and share buildings with a primary school. Preschool is compulsory and lasts 2 years, split into 1 year of Pre-kindergarten (Προνηπιαγωγείο) and 1 year of Kindergarten (Νηπιαγωγείο; Nipiagogeio). Since the school year 2018–2019, children who would be four years of age by December 31 are required to begin attending preschool on September 11 of the same year. Applications for registration and enrolment are usually carried out annually during fifteen consecutive days in May. After this period expires, students are neither allowed to register nor enroll. • 1st Year / Pre-Kindergarten (''''), age 4 to 5 years old (with some 3-year-olds, about to turn 4, attending) • 2nd Year / Kindergarten (''''), age 5 to 6 (with some 4-year-olds, about to turn 5, attending) There are also the public Special Preschools and public Experimental Preschools ('''') In these school years, students are given descriptive assessments instead of number/letter grades. ==Primary education==
Primary education
Primary school (, Dimotiko scholeio) is compulsory for 6 years. There is also the public Special Primary and public Experimental Primary (). The school year starts on September 11 and ends on June 15. The standard school day starts at 08:15 and finishes at 13:15. It comprises six academic years of schooling named τάξεις (grades), numbered 1 through to 6. Enrollment to the next tier of compulsory education, the Gymnasium, is automatic. The classes for a subject vary with the teacher who teaches. Students are awarded an "" (Apolytirio Dimotikou, primary school leaving certificate) which gives automatic admission to the lower secondary education (gymnasium). In Year 1 and Year 2, students are not officially graded. Beginning with years 3 and 4, grades are ranked alphabetically from A to D. From year 5, when written exams are introduced, to year 6 it changes to numbers, going from 4, the lowest, to 10 the highest (best). Αges are typical and can vary with the most common ages approximately: ; Grades of Primary School Grade 1–6 • 1st Year / First grade (''''), age 6 to 7-year-olds • 2nd Year / Second grade (''''), age 7 to 8 • 3rd Year / Third grade (''''), age 8 to 9 • 4th Year / Fourth grade (''''), age 9 to 10 • 5th Year / Fifth grade (''''), age 10 to 11 • 6th Year / Sixth grade (''''), age 11 to 12 ; Grading System • 1st Year: no grade points • 2nd Year: no grade points • 3rd Year: Α–Δ (A–D) • 4th Year: Α–Δ (A–D) • 5th Year: 1–10 • 6th Year: 1–10 Primary School National Curriculum ==Secondary education==
Secondary education
, Ioannina , built in 1915. Lower Secondary Education Gymnasium (, Gymnasio, Lower Secondary Education School, middle school) is compulsory until the age of 15. Article 16, Paragraph 3 of the Constitution of 1975 mandates that compulsory education must be at least nine years in length. This constitutional provision, which applies to all Greek children, was established in Law 309/1976, which also replaced classical Greek (katharevousa) with modern Greek (dimotiki) as the official language for teaching at all levels of education, and ceased to be a one-tier non-compulsory six years lower and upper secondary school, middle schools (pupils aged 12–18), and was converted to compulsory three-year lower secondary school for students aged 12–15 (middle school) and three-year non-compulsory upper secondary schools for students aged 15–18 (high school). Admitted students can be up to 16-years-old, and they must have Primary Education School Certificate or its international equivalent. No entry exams are required. Schooling starts on September 11 and ends on early June before the first day of the Pan-Hellenic Examinations. The lessons end on May 31 so that the students will be able to study for their examinations in early June. The gymnasium school-awarded qualification "" (Apolytirio Gymnasium, gymnasium school leaving certificate, referred to simply as gymnasium certificate) at HQF (NQF) level 3, gives admission to the upper secondary education (lyceum). Gymnasium has three academic years of schooling known as "" (grade), numbered 1 through to 3. Ages are typical and can vary with the most common being between: In middle school English is mandatory all three years, while students can choose between French or German as the second foreign language that's required. Second Chance Adult School Second Chance Adult School (SDE; ) is a Gymnasium level equivalent evening school administered by the Ministry of Education, for adults who did not complete their lower secondary education (gymnasium) lasts two years with 25 hours per week. Upper Secondary Education Upper secondary school (, Lykeio, Upper Secondary Education School, Lyceum, High School: the US term for upper secondary school) is non-compulsory education lasting 3 years. High schools starts on September 11 and ends on June 15. Lessons end in late May so that the students will be able to study for their examinations in June. Admitted students can be up to 20-year-old, while they must have Gymnasium Certificate or Lower Secondary Education School Certificate or its international equivalent. The Evening Lyceum ('''') is for both adult students and underage working students lasts 3 years. high school graduate athletes from 17 to 30-year-old who have specific sport achievements they are admitted without Panhellenic Examinations entrance to anyone of their choice undergraduate department of the public Higher Education Institutions of Greece. High schools in Greece designate school class levels based on the years of schooling of the student cohort, using 3 academic year levels, known as "" (grade), numbered 1 through to 3. Ages are typical and can vary with the most common being are between: • 1st Year / First grade (''''), age 15 to 16-year-olds • 2nd Year / Second grade (''''), age 16 to 17 • 3rd Year / Third grade (''''), age 17 to 18 In high school English is also required all three years as part of general education courses, whereas secondary foreign languages like French or German are optional. • i.e. comprehensive lyceum type; Diapolitismiko Lykeio; General Lyceum of Cross-Cultural Education; 2018–Present) • Epagelmatiko Lykeio; Vocational Lyceum; EPAL; 2006–Present) • (Esperino Epagelmatiko Lykeio; Evening Vocational Lyceum) • (Esperino Geniko Lykeio; Evening General Lyceum; 1976–Present) • Ekklisiastiko Lykeio; Ecclesiastical General Lyceum; 2006–Present) • Integrated Special Vocational Gymnasium-Lyceum; 4 years for the lyceum) General High Schools General High Schools ( Geniko Lykeio). General High Schools Award the "" (Apolytirio Genikou Lykeiou, General High School Apolytirio, General High School Certificate, Upper Secondary Leaving Certificate, General High School Diploma). It can be awarded in Orientation Groups requiring three different subjects. The second-grade students must choose one out of the two academic tracks named "" (Orientation Groups), and the third-grade students one out of the three Orientation Groups. An Orientation Group is also known as a "Stream". Once a student has selected a Stream, they need to follow a sequence of subjects to complete their studies at the High School. If they wish, graduating students are eligible to exam in Pan-Hellenic Examinations on the three subjects of their chosen third-grade Orientation Group and Modern Greek Language and Literature. Public Onassis Schools Public Onassis Schools (junior and senior high schools) locate in areas facing social and economic challenges operate under the supervision and overseen of the Ministry of Education, in close collaboration with the Alexander S. Onassis Foundation through its donation starting totaling 160 million euros. The curriculum resembles that of Model Schools, emphasizing Humanities, STEM, and Social Sciences, Fine Arts, Digital Literacy, and Emotional and Social Intelligence. Attendance is entirely free of charge. Students entering the first year of junior or senior high school will take written admission exams (tests) of knowledge and skills, similar to the process for Model Schools. Furthermore, the final ranking of those selected is also based on a geographical factor. At least 40-60% of the students attending the Public Onassis Schools will be from the municipal district in which the school is located. Teaching and administrative staff salaries will be covered by the Ministry of Education. International Baccalaureate (IB) The English-taught two-year International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme will start to operate in the 2026–2027 academic year in specific public high schools. Vocational High Schools (EPAL) Vocational High School (EPAL; Epagelmatiko Lykeio). The EPAL has dual-diploma studies comprises two separate programmes taken in parallel earning, both, two separate qualifications in their own right, a "" (Apolytirio Epagelmatikou Lykeiou; Vocational High School Apolytirio; Vocational High School Diploma; i.e. High School Diploma; Upper Secondary Leaving Certificate) and a (Ptychio of Vocational Education and Training at HQF (NQF) level 4; i.e. Diploma of Vocational Education and Training at HQF (NQF) level 4; also is called Specialization Diploma or Specialized Diploma). EPAL High School Diploma can be awarded in Orientation Groups (specializations or streams) requiring an advanced level in a number of four different subjects (advanced level subjects, or also known as high level subjects), depending on the group. is transliterated to "Ptychio" (Greek: ; Ptychio in dhimotiki from 1976–present; or defunct ; Ptychion in polytonic, katharevousa up until 1976). The Greek word "" has translation into English as "Degree", it is a qualification term has common meaning in Greece. It signifies that it is a direct translation from the terminology in Greek as it appears in the Greek legislation. In Greece, the word "" is commonly used for titles of study from different education levels (secondary, higher etc.). It must not confuse with its usage in the English language, whereby the word Degree refers to Higher Education qualification title only. Greece Universities' Degree is titled "", transliterated to "Ptychio", signifies that it is a University Ptychio, Higher Education Ptychio, Level 6 Ptychio. EPAL Diploma of Vocational Education and Training at HQF level 4 standalone parchment is an Upper Secondary Education Ptychio, Level 4 Ptychio. EPAL graduates have the option to choose Post-High School Year Apprenticeship Class ("Mathitia") by which it can upgrade the EPAL Diploma of Vocational Education and Training at HQF level 4 (Level 4 Ptychio) to Level 5. During the year, the students are working for 4 days in a workplace receiving stipend and attend 1 day at school classes. Since 2021–2022 academic year, the Post-High School Year Apprenticeship Class graduates having Diploma of Vocational Education and Training at level 5, after successful specific entrance examinations (), allows to them admission into the Higher Education (level 6) to an undergraduate programme relevant to their Post-High School Year Apprenticeship Class specialty. Vocational School (EPAS) of DYPA The Vocational School (EPAS) ( 1952–Present) of Public Employment Service (DYPA) is 2 years' duration. Also known as Apprenticeship Vocational School (, Epaggelmatiki Sxoli Mathitias), shortened to EPAS Apprenticeship. Since 2021, EPAS Apprenticeship is a lower secondary two-track education system, Dual VET ('), having alternating periods in a school with theory classroom and at the workplace with work-(traineeship) practice experience ('), with terms are contractually regulated by law and labour agreement. Balance between school-and work-based training: in-company (ca. 70%) + school (ca. 30%). Student insurance and two-part agreement (') between the student and apprenticeship company are applied. Generally, the maximum number of students that can register in a given education programme is up to 20. Apprenticeship (') is based on the German dual learning system which combines classroom education with paid practical work in a business. EPAS Apprenticeship is operated by Public Employment Service (DYPA). The EPAS Apprenticeship provides its students in having an apprenticeship term work placement by finding and coordinating it. Students are entitled to receive at least the national minimum wage for their age. The majority of these students are classed as unskilled workers (entry-level). Admitted students are aged from 15 to 23-year-old maximum who must have completed the gymnasium school. The EPAS Apprenticeship awarded "" (Ptychio of Vocational Education and Training, Level 3; i.e. Diploma of Vocational Education and Training at Level 3) after qualifying examinations of the National Accreditation Examinations ('''') will be held at EOPPEP examination centers. Experimental Vocational School (PEPAS) of DYPA The Experimental Vocational School (PEPAS; Greek: 2021–Present), is also known as Experimental Vocational Apprenticeship School, founded in 2021 by Public Employment Service (DYPA) in collaboration with German-Hellenic Chamber of Industry and Commerce and Institute of the Greek Tourism Confederation (INSETE). Eligible to apply are those aged 18 years old and over, holders of at least a lower secondary school leaving certificate (gymnasium) and have a verified knowledge of a foreign language (English or French or German) at level B2 in both written and spoken by holding a valid formal certificate. As of 2021–2022 school year, there are provide the specialities Culinary Art Technician (cook), Food & Beverage Service, Customer Service in the Tourism Business. The grading system in upper secondary schools is extended from 1 to 20 as opposed to 10 in middle school. The score of 20 is the equivalent to an A or 100 in the U.S. (see grading systems by country). Post-lyceum Year Apprenticeship Class of EPAL Post-lyceum Year Apprenticeship Class ( 2016–Present) is provided by Vocational Lyceum (ΕPΑL). Only EPAL graduates and Lyceum graduates hold EPAL Diploma of Vocational Education and Training at HQF level 4 are admitted to Post-lyceum Year Apprenticeship Class being regarded as a separate and distinctive stage of post-secondary education (i.e. '). It includes 1 year post-secondary apprenticeship dual programme (non-tertiary; Dual VET two-track education system) having alternating periods in an EPAL school unit with classroom instruction (theory 1 day/week, 7 hrs per day) and at the workplace with work practice training (4 days/week, 7 hrs per day). All apprenticeships schemes should include a contract (i.e. '), wage and social security rights/benefits to student which is a trainee referred to simply as "apprentice". EPAL Apprenticeship Class programmes are based on Public Employment Service (DYPA) at its dual learning principle and follow the same quality framework for apprenticeships. Graduates of the apprenticeship class will receive "" (Certificate of Post-High School Year Apprenticeship Class). If they wish the Apprenticeship Class graduates are therefore eligible to take the National Accreditation Examinations (i.e. '''') will be held at EOPPEP examination centers. is the first in Greece non-profit, free of charge (without tuition), private Model Vocational Lyceum (PEPAL) located in the island of Chios with specialties of Maritime Professionals, Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Automation, owned and operated by company Tsakos Group of Companies founded by shipowner Nikolas Tsakos. Laboratory of Special Vocational Education (ΕΕΕΕΚ) Laboratory of Special Vocational Education (), 6 years special education at HQF Level 2 Public Schools of Tourism Education Public Schools of Tourism Education () are operated by Ministry of Tourism. Types are the Schools of Tourist Guides, Further-training Programmes of Employees in Tourism Sector (non-formal education), and Schools of Advanced Vocational Training (SAEKs). The SAEKs cover the specialties of Culinary Art (cookery), Bakery and Pastry (baker and pâtissier), Tourism Units and Hospitality Businesses (front office / reception, floor service / housekeeping, commodity education), Specialist of Business Administration and Economics in the Tourism Field. School of Meat Professions (SEK) Α School of Meat Professions (SEK; 1977–Present) is accredited by the Ministry of Rural Development and Food. There are public and private schools of meat professions. The 300 hours programme has 85 hours theory classes at school and 100 hours laboratory classes (ca. 61.6%), 15 hours educational visits (ca. 5%), 100 hours in-company work-based training (internship, ca. 33.3%). The term is five hours per day, five days per week, for 12 consecutive weeks. The specialties of the School of Meat Professions are, Meat Processing Technician (meat cutter, butcher, Greek: κρεοπώλης), Animal Slaughter (Greek: εκδοροσφαγέας). Vocational Training Schools (ESK) Vocational Training Schools (ESK; Greek: ) is 2-year post-gymnasium vocational education and training school at HQF level 3. Admitted students must have completed the gymnasium school. It can be public, private, day or evening school. It awarded "" (Ptychio of Vocational Education and Training, Level 3; i.e. Diploma of Vocational Education and Training at HQF level 3) after qualifying examinations of the National Accreditation Examinations will be held at EOPPEP examination centers. Laboratory Centre (ΕΚ) Laboratory Centre ( 2013–Present), three years secondary education. Admitted students must have completed at least the lower secondary education school (gymnasium or its equivalent). Awarded "" (literally "Certificate of Vocational Training"). Awarded "" (Ptychio of Vocational Education and Training, Level 3; i.e. Diploma of Vocational Education and Training at HQF level 3) after qualifying examinations of the National Accreditation Examinations will be held at EOPPEP examination centers. School of Advanced Vocational Training (SAEK) School of Advanced Vocational Training (S.A.E.K.; ; 2024–Present) (former Institute of Vocational Training (I.E.K.); ; 1992–2024), is 2 years adult post-secondary vocational education and training and 960 hours at a work placement (experiential learning, practicum). Admitted students must have completed at least the upper secondary education (lyceum). EOPPEP organization is the statutory body for the SAEKs. The SAEK awarded "" (Diploma of Vocational Education and Training, Level 5) after qualifying examinations of the National Accreditation Examinations ('''') will be held at EOPPEP examination centers. See a list of SAEK study programmes set out below, click on the "[show]": == National Skills Competition ==
National Skills Competition
National Skills Competition is a skills competition for the skill level of public vocational school students aged 18 to 25 years old with good knowledge of the English language. WorldSkills Greece’s participation in EuroSkills is organized by the General Secretariat for Vocational Education, Training and Life-long Learning (GGEEK&DBM). ==Tertiary education in Greece==
Tertiary education in Greece
Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, provided by Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs; Greek: ) which permits in Greece the establishment and operation of private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). A fully-recognized private Higher Education Institution must obtain a Higher Education Accreditation by the National (Hellenic) Authority for Higher Education (HAHE) and an official establishment and operating license by the Greek Ministry of Education. The public HEIs are mostly autonomous, but the government is responsible for their funding and the distribution of students to undergraduate programmes. The public HEIs can be attended without charge of a tuition fee, textbooks, and for the majority of students meals are also provided for free. About 25% of postgraduate programmes of public HEIs have free tuition, while about 30% of students are eligible to attend programmes tuition-free based on individual criteria. Each academic year is 32 weeks study programme, divided into two semesters of 16 weeks each. Some of the Greek public universities offer English-taught full-time programmes with tuition are: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA) 4-year undergraduate programme in Archaeology, History, and Literature of Ancient Greece, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh) School of Medicine 6-year undergraduate programme for foreign citizens, University of Piraeus, School of Economics, Business and International Studies, Department of International and European Studies, postgraduate programme titled Master of Science (MSc) American Studies: Politics, Strategy and Economics, also the University Center of International Programmes of Studies (UCIPS) of the public International Hellenic University (IHU) offers English-taught postgraduate programmes. There are also private colleges most usually have been authorised to offer foreign undergraduate and postgraduate programmes following franchise or validation agreements with collaborating universities established in other countries, primarily in the UK, leading to degrees awarded directly by those foreign universities. ==Non-formal education==
Non-formal education
The formal education system includes the primary, secondary and higher education. The formal private education schools in Greece includes the primary, secondary and higher education. The bodies of "non-typical education" term (φορείς μη τυπικής εκπαίδευσης) are outside the formal education system, referred to as non-formal education, the well-known include: • Open Courses that are undergraduate and graduate courses taught in Greek Public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that are free of cost, freely accessible and freely available to any person over the Internet (online). It operated by the Greek Academic Network (GUnet), also known as Greek Universities Network (GUnet), a member of the Open Education Global (OE Global). • Biomedical Research and Education Special Unit (BRESU), and freely online educational seminars to the public for registered online participants where there are specialty sectors and each sector comprises a number of seminars. A Certificate of Attendance in a sector will be given to those registered participants who attended 70% of the total hours of a sector. Sectors include: Hospitality Operations, Hospitality Sales & Marketing, Food & Beverage, Culinary Arts, Personal Development, Leadership and Management, Human Recourses Management. • Centre of Lifelong Learning (KDVM; or KDBM; Greek: ), also known as Lifelong Learning Centre (LLC). • Centre of Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning (KEDIVIM; Greek: ) of the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), belongs to the Centres of Lifelong Learning (KDVM). • Post-secondary Education Centre (Greek: ) to which the Private Colleges belong. ==Other education==
Other education
• Digital Tutorial or Digital School of the Ministry of Education, which is a digital platform where students can view the content of the courses taught in public schools with short videos episodes. • Educational Radio-Television of the Ministry of Education, which aims to promote media literacy at all levels of education. • Active Citizen Actions public educational programme of the Ministry of Education, which is implemented from school year 2024–2025 across all grades of Primary and Secondary Education, with the aim to develop students' skills and strengthening their active participation in society and cultivating the values of democracy and responsibility. This programme integrates the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations (UN) in 2015. • National Centre for Public Administration and Local Government (EKDDA) (1983) which is the strategic agency of Greece for the training and education of public servants and Local Government employees. It is supervised by the Minister of Interior. ==HQF levels==
HQF levels
The National Qualification Framework (NQF) of Greece is officially named Hellenic Qualification Framework (HQF; Greek: ) has an 8-level framework that unites non-formal and formal qualifications aligned to the appropriate levels from the National Organization for the Certification of Qualifications and Vocational Guidance (EOPPEP; Greek: ) and for qualifications granted by Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in according to the Hellenic (National) Authority for Higher Education (HAHE; Greek: ). The HQF is linked to the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and to the Qualifications Framework in the European Higher Education Area (QF-EHEA). The HQF is the Greek Register of Regulated Qualifications () provides information for the accredited awarding bodies and the regulated qualifications of study (officially recognized) in Greece. The learning-outcomes-based qualification frameworks level systems of HQF, EQF, ISCED have reference levels classify the learning outcomes into reflection of study load (the number of credit points), knowledge, skills, grant equal professional rights of level, attainment covering formal and non-formal education recognized programmes which are designed within a national context and to make grades more comparable in an international context. See a list of HQF levels which is set out below, click on the "[show]": ==Former education schools==
Former education schools
, Corfu Education schools are defunct after either closure or replacement, for example: Secondary Vocational Schools of Ministry of Education (Υ.ΠΑΙ.Θ.): • '''' (ΕΠΑΣ; Vocational School; 2 years; Law 3475/2006; 2006–2013) 70% subjects of specialization and 30% subjects of general education. Admitted students must have completed at least the final year of the lower secondary education school (gymnasium graduates or its equivalent). Awarded Specialization Diploma. Higher Education Institutes of Ministry of Education: • '''' (ΤΕΙ; Technological Educational Institute; years 1983–1995, 4 years 1995–2019, 1983–2019) Varied Schools: • '''' (ΣΤΕ; Schools of Tourism Education; Law 2387/2000; 2000–2003) • '''' (ΛΕΝ; Merchant Navy Lyceum; 3 years; by Ministry of Mercantile Marine; –1998) • '''' (ΚΕΚ; Vocational Training Centres; replaced by KDVM of type 2, 1990–2012) • '''' (ΚΑΤΕ; Centers for Higher Technical Education; Law 652/1970; 1970–1977) • '''' (; Public Technical Schools of Assistant Engineers; 4 years, 1959–1966) • '''', του ΟΤΕΚ (ΙΕΚ; Institute of Vocational Training; by ΟΤΕΚ; Law 3105/2003; 2003–2013) • '''' (ΚΕΤΕ; Centres of Vocational and Technical Education; consists of a Technical Lyceum, a Vocational Lyceum, and a Technical Vocational School; Law 576/1977; 1977–1985) • '''' (ΕΕΣ; Centres of Liberal Studies; Legislative Decree 9/9-10-1935; replaced by KDVM of type 1; 1935–2012) • '''' (ΚΑΤΕΕ; Centers for Higher Technical-Vocational Education; Law 576/1977; 1977–1983) • '''', του ΟΤΕΚ (; Vocational School; by Organization of Tourism Education and Training [ΟΤΕΚ]; Law 3105/2003; 2003–2013) • '''' (KDVM of type 1, KDVM of type 2; replaced by KDVM; 2012–2020) • '''' (Six-Grade Gymnasium; integrated 3 years lower and 3 years upper secondary school) • '''' (ΤΕΕ; Technical Vocational Training Centre; 3 years; Law 2640/1998; 1998–2006) ==Criticism and controversies==
Criticism and controversies
Corruption in Greece in the public sector was believed to hold the first place in of all EU countries, Greece being the most corrupt country in the European Union, a survey revealed in 2012. The Greek public schools lack a human resource development, having huge corruption at all education levels according to the Global Corruption Barometer. According to the 2020 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International, Greece is the 59th least corrupt country out of the 180 countries worldwide, scored 50% corruption out of 100%, of the perceived level of public level corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (clear). • Accounts of reports of the Greece National Transparency Authority (EAD; formerly Inspectors-Controllers Body for Public Administration; SEEDD) show criminal offences, complaints, lawsuits and criminal prosecutions against public school educators and directors who were found to commit violations; using profane, obscene, or ethnically offensive language; organized crime activities; fraud; personal data theft; use of handphone and other unauthorised electronic and mobile devices during curriculum time; sexual abuse assault from students and educators; corruption; forgery; extortion; illegal fees; embezzlement of school funds; bullying. • Greece was controversial for its legal disciplinary measure of school corporal punishment because was widely used and allowed in public schools, performed by school educators under the Principal's express authority, until it was banned in 1998 at primary schools and in 2005 at secondary schools. The physical punishment took place in front of all students consisted in the form of caning the buttocks of a student with a paddle or strap, caning on the palm of the hand with a wood stick, hitting a student's face, expulsion set in the school outdoor courtyard in the cold winter. • The former government agency of ΟΕΕΚ (; English: Organization for Vocational Education and Training; which replaced by ; English: National Organization for the Certification of Qualifications and Vocational Guidance; EOPPEP) had embezzled €6,000,000 of European Commission funds. Since 30 July 2010, an official investigation on the criminal conspiracy theft began from the EU Council of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and European Convention on Human Rights. • One out of the three public school students in Greece have received physical violation and abuse include verbal at 56.5 percent, followed by physical abuse at a rate of 30.5 percent and the threat of social exclusion at 27.8 percent. Greece ranks 4th place of student bullying amongst Europe countries according to the 1st European Anti-Bullying Network Conference, "Bullying and Cyberbullying Across Europe", Conference Proceedings, Athens, 2015 EAN (). • The tuition fee requirement from the most Greek Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) postgraduate programmes is contrary and entirely violating the Constitution of Greece, that all Greek citizens (and certain foreigners who live and work in the country) are entitled to free education on all levels at state educational institutions. The same violation act was done from the founding (law 2009/1992) of the Institutes of Vocational Training (IEKs) where all public IEK students were required to pay up to €367 statute fee for every semester up until the 2012–2013 academic year, that has been repealed since 2013–2014 academic year (article 22, law 4186/2013). ==See also==
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