In
Modern Greek, the letters ⟨η, ι, υ⟩ and the letter combinations ⟨ει, oι, υι⟩ are pronounced (except when pronounced as
semivowels), and a modern transcription renders them as ⟨i⟩. However, a transliteration distinguishes them; for example, by transliterating them as ⟨ē, i, y⟩ and ⟨ei, oi, yi⟩. (As the
ancient pronunciation of ⟨η⟩ was , it is often transliterated as ⟨ē⟩.) On the other hand, ⟨αυ, ευ, ηυ⟩ are pronounced , and are voiced to when followed by a voiced consonant – a shift from
Ancient Greek . A transliteration would render them all as ⟨au, eu, iu⟩ no matter the environment these sounds are in, reflecting the traditional orthography of Ancient Greek, yet a transcription would distinguish them, based on their phonemic allophonic pronunciations in Modern Greek. Furthermore, the initial letter ⟨h⟩ reflecting the historical
rough breathing ⟨ ̔⟩ in words such as ⟨⟩ would intuitively be omitted in transcription for Modern Greek, as Modern Greek no longer has the sound. ==Challenges==