In Eastern and Central Pahari the verb substantive is formed from the root
ach, as in both Rajasthani and Kashmiri. In Rajasthani its present tense, being derived from the Sanskrit present
rcchami, I go, does not change for gender. But in Pahari and Kashmiri it must be derived from the rare Sanskrit particle
*rcchitas, gone, for in these languages it is a participial tense and does change according to the gender of the subject. Thus, in the singular we have: – Here we have a relic of the old Khasa language, which, as has been said, seems to have been related to Kashmiri. Other relics of Khasa, again agreeing with north-western India, are the tendency to shorten long vowels, the practice of
epenthesis, or the modification of a vowel by the one which follows in the next syllable, and the frequent occurrence of
disaspiration. Thus, Khas
siknu, Kumauni
sikno, but Hindi
sikhna, to learn; Kumauni
yeso, plural
yasa, of this kind. Materials regarding Western Pahari are not so complete. The speakers are not brought into contact with Tibeto-Burman languages, and hence we find no trace of these. But the signs of the influence of north-western languages are, as might be expected, still more apparent than farther east. In some dialects epenthesis is in full swing, as in (Churahi)
khata, eating, fern,
khaiti. Very interesting is the mixed origin of the
postpositions defining the various cases. Thus, while that of the genitive is generally the Rajasthani ro, that of the dative continually points to the west. Sometimes it is the
Sindhi khë. At other times it is
jo, where is here a locative of the base of the Sindhi genitive postposition
jo. In all Indo-Aryan languages, the
dative postposition is by origin the
locative of some
genitive one. In vocabulary, Western Pahari often employs, for the more common ideas, words which can most readily be connected with the north-western and
Pisaca groups. ==About==