In January 1928, at the 2nd Plenum of the All-Union Central Committee of the
New Turkic Alphabet in
Tashkent, the Dungan Latinized alphabet was adopted. Its authors were Ya. Zhang and a group of Dungan students studying at Tashkent universities. Soviet scientists
V. M. Alekseev,
A. A. Dragunov and
E. D. Polivanov assisted them in developing the alphabet. The first Dungan alphabet had the following form:
A a, B в, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ƣ ƣ, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ꞑ ꞑ, O o, Ɵ ɵ, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, , T t, U u, V v, X x, Y y, Z z, Ƶ ƶ, Ь ь. In the finally approved version of the alphabet, the letter
S̷ s̷ was cancelled and the letter
Ә ә was introduced (however, in the first Dungan primer, capital letters were not used). The alphabet also used 4 digraphs:
Dƶ dƶ, Ts ts, Tş tş, Uv uv. In March 1932, at a meeting on the Dungan alphabet, it was decided to reform it. Thus, the letters
H h,
Ƣ ƣ,
Ɵ ɵ, as well as all digraphs, were abolished. The letters
W w and
Ⱬ ⱬ were introduced. The following changes were made to the meanings of the letters: ts → c, tş → ç, dƶ → ⱬ, h → şj, c → çj, ç → ⱬj, ɵ → yә. The letter ƣ, which denoted the jagged, unrolled [r] in Dungan words, was replaced by the letter r, which had previously denoted [r] in Russian borrowings. One of the goals of the writing reform was the unification of the Dungan alphabet with the newly created
Chinese Latinized alphabet. The letter j denoted the softness of the preceding consonant, but was not written before i and y. In June 1932, the conference in
Frunze generally approved these changes, while retaining the letter Ƣ ƣ. Dungan Latin alphabet after the reform: == Cyrillic ==