MarketEryngium
Company Profile

Eryngium

Eryngium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. There are about 250 species. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with centres of diversity in the western Mediterranean, South America and Mexico. Common names include eryngo and sea holly. Less commonly known as sea thistle, although they are not true thistles of the family Asteraceae.

Systematics
Taxonomic history The genus name Eryngium was established by Linnaeus in 1753 where he mentioned eight species, including two from America (E. aquaticum, E. foetidum). Linnaeus, in Genera Plantarum (1754), cited his source of the name Eryngium as being from Joseph Tournefort’s Institutiones rei herbariae (1700). The name itself has an Ancient Greek origin as (). Prior to the nomenclatural establishment of Eryngium by Linnaeus, plants that can be recognised as belonging to the genus were mentioned by Theophrastus (371–287BC), Pedanius Dioscorides (40–90AD), Otto Brunfels (1532) and Leonhart Fuchs (1543). Early mentions of American species were made by Francisco Hernández de Toledo (1651) and Leonard Plukenet (1692).). Evolutionary history It is likely that the genus originated in Eurasia, with a radiation from west to east in subgenus Eryngium, and the western Mediterranean being a primary centre of diversity. The American species are probably derived from a more recent intensive evolution and radiation, possibly from a single trans-Atlantic dispersal and subsequent landfall in southeastern South America where there is a primary diversity centre in southern Brazil and a younger secondary one in Mexico. It is likely that the sword-leaved structure seen in many American species occurred only once in the evolution of the genus. The palmate leaf patterns seen in Eurasian species do not occur in any American species. Classification Wörz (2011) divided the genus into six subgenera, with one subgenus divided into 10 sections: • subgenus Lessonia • subgenus Monocotyloidea • subgenus Semiaquatica • subgenus Ilicifolia • subgenus Foetida • subgenus Eryngium • section Alpina • section Amethystina • section Astrantiifolia • section Bourgatiorum • section Bungeorum • section Eryngium • section Gigantophylla • section Palmito • section Plana • section Thorifolia ==Selected species==
Selected species
'' '' '' Species include: • Eryngium agavifolium - agave-leaved eryngo • Eryngium alismifolium - Modoc eryngo • Eryngium alpinum - alpine eryngo • Eryngium amethystinum - amethyst eryngo • Eryngium aquaticum - rattlesnake master • Eryngium aristulatum - California eryngo • Eryngium armatum - coastal eryngo • Eryngium aromaticum - fragrant eryngo • Eryngium articulatum - beethistle • Eryngium baldwinii – Baldwin's eryngo • Eryngium billardieri – Billardier's eryngo • Eryngium bourgatii Gouan - Bourgati's eryngo • Eryngium caeruleum – sky-blue eryngo • Eryngium campestre - field eryngo • Eryngium carlinae - gravatáEryngium castrense - Great Valley eryngo • Eryngium constancei - Loch Lomond eryngo • Eryngium creticumEryngium cuneifolium - wedgeleaf eryngo, snakeroot • Eryngium cymosumEryngium diffusum – spreading eryngo • Eryngium divaricatum – ballast eryngo • Eryngium ebracteatum – burnet-flowered eryngo • Eryngium eburneumEryngium foetidum - false coriander, stinkweed, culantro, spiritweeed • Eryngium giganteum - giant sea holly, Miss Willmott's ghost • Eryngium gracileEryngium guatemalenseEryngium heterophyllum - Mexican thistle, Wright's eryngo • Eryngium hookeri - Hooker's eryngo • Eryngium horridumEryngium humboldtii – Humboldt's eryngo • Eryngium humileEryngium integrifolium – blueflower eryngo • Eryngium jaliscenseEryngium leavenworthii - Leavenworth's eryngo • Eryngium lemmonii – Chiricahua Mountain eryngo • Eryngium longifoliumEryngium maritimum - sea holly, seaside eryngo • Eryngium mathiasiae – Mathias's eryngo • Eryngium nasturtiifoliumhierba del sapoEryngium ombrophilumEryngium ovinum - blue devil • Eryngium paludosum - long eryngo • Eryngium pandanifolium – pandan-leaved eryngo • Eryngium paniculatumEryngium pendletonense - Pendleton button-celery, Pendleton's eryngo • Eryngium petiolatum – rushleaf eryngo, Oregon coyote thistle • Eryngium phyteumae – Huachuca Mountain eryngo • Eryngium pinnatifidum - blue devils • Eryngium pinnatisectum – Tuolumne eryngo • Eryngium planum - blue eryngo, plains eryngo • Eryngium prostratum - creeping eryngo • Eryngium proteiflorum – protea-flowered eryngo • Eryngium racemosum – delta eryngo • Eryngium rostratum - blue devil • Eryngium serbicum – Serbian eryngo • Eryngium serraEryngium sparganophyllum – Arizona eryngo • Eryngium spinalbaEryngium spinosepalum - spinysepal eryngo • Eryngium tricuspidatumEryngium variifolium - Moroccan eryngo • Eryngium vaseyi - coyote thistle • Eryngium venustumEryngium vesiculosum - prickfoot • Eryngium yuccifolium - rattlesnake master, button snakeroot, button eryngo == Uses ==
Uses
Horticulture Eryngos are grown as ornamental plants in gardens. The most widely grown species are E. agavifolium, E. alpinum, E. bourgatii, E. giganteum, E. pandanifolium, E. planum, E. variifolium and E. yuccifolium. Two hybrids have also been selected for garden use, one being E. × olivierianum (syn. E. x zabelii), of which there are several cultivars such as ‘Big Blue’, and the other is E. × tripartitum. The species with the most cultivars is E. planum. Overall, around 250 cultivars have been named in the genus. Some species and cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Medicine and food Many species of Eryngium have been used as medicine and food. Eryngium campestre is used as a folk medicine in Turkey. In Iran, Eryngium (Boghnagh فارسی- بوقناق) is used as herbal tea to lower blood sugar. Eryngium creticum is a herbal remedy for scorpion stings in Jordan. Eryngium elegans is used in Argentina and Eryngium foetidum in Latin America and South-East Asia. Native American peoples used many species for varied purposes. Cultures worldwide have used Eryngium extracts as anti-inflammatory agents. Eryngium yields an essential oil and contains many kinds of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, and steroids. The roots, particularly those of Eryngium maritimum, have been used as vegetables or sweetmeats. Young shoots and leaves are sometimes used as vegetables like asparagus. Eryngium foetidum is used as a culinary herb in tropical parts of the Americas and Asia. It tastes similar to coriander or cilantro, and is sometimes mistaken for it. It may be called spiny coriander or culantro, or by its Vietnamese name of ngo gai. == References ==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com