ETFE

Useful comparison tables of PTFE against FEP, PFA, and ETFE can be found on Chemours' website, listing the mechanical, thermal, chemical and electrical properties of each, side by side. As a film for roofing, it can be stretched and still be taut if some variation in size, such as that caused by thermal expansion, were to occur. Employing heat welding, tears can be repaired with a patch or multiple sheets assembled into larger panels. ETFE has an approximate tensile strength of , with a working temperature range of . ETFE resins are resistant to ultraviolet light. An artificial weathering test (comparable to 30 years' exposure) produced no filtering and almost no signs of film deterioration. ETFE systems can control light transmission through the application of plasma coatings, varnishes, or printed frit patterns. Thermal and acoustic insulation can be incorporated into an ETFE structure via the use of multi-layer systems, using low-pressure air pumps to create ETFE "cushions". For instance, the u values of single, double, and triple layers of ETFE are approximately 5.6, 2.5 and 1.9 W/m2·K respectively, while the g value of ETFE cushions or SHGC in ETFE systems can vary between 0.2 to 0.95 using frits. ==Applications==

, Cornwall, UK. Biomes are constructed with ETFE cushions. , Manchester, UK ETFE was developed by DuPont in the 1970s initially as a lightweight, heat-resistant film in the aerospace industry. From its development, it was largely used infrequently in agricultural and architectural projects. Additionally, the commercial use of architectural ETFE as a skylight or facade material has become popular all over the world. Due to its high temperature resistance, ETFE is also used in film mode as a mold-release film. ETFE film offered by Guarniflon or Airtech International and Honeywell is used in aerospace applications such as carbon fiber pre-preg curing as a release film for molds or hot high-pressure plates. ==Notable buildings==

Notable buildings and designs using ETFE as a significant architectural element: • Allianz Arena, Munich, Germany • Beijing National Aquatics Centre, (the Water Cube) Beijing, China • Eden Project, Cornwall, United Kingdom • Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center, Astana, Kazakhstan • National Space Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom • Cuauhtémoc Stadium, Puebla, Mexico • Midland Metropolitan University Hospital, Smethwick, Birmingham, United Kingdom • U.S. Bank Stadium, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States • Allegiant Stadium, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States • Hard Rock Stadium, Miami Gardens, Florida, United States • Banc of California Stadium. Los Angeles, California, United States • Avenues Phase-III, Al-Rai, Kuwait • Avenues Phase IV & IVB, Al-Rai, Kuwait • Dworzec Tramwajowy Centrum, tram station in Łódź, Poland • Solaris, Clamart, France • Discovery College, Lantau Island, Hong Kong • Green 18, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong • Pavilion, Alnwick Castle, Alnwick, United Kingdom • BC Place, Vancouver, Canada, • River Culture Pavillon The ARC, Daegu, South Korea • Munich's municipal waste management department, Munich, Germany (2011) • Beijing National Stadium, Beijing, China • FestiveWalk, Resorts World at Sentosa, Singapore • Dolce Vita Tejo Shopping Centre, Amadora, Lisbon, Portugal • roof, dedicated underground rail station at the Heathrow Airport Terminal 5, London, United Kingdom • Manchester Victoria station concourse, Manchester, United Kingdom • Forsyth Barr Stadium at University Plaza, Dunedin, New Zealand • Islazul Shopping Centre, Madrid, Spain • Kansas City Power & Light District, Kansas City, Missouri, United States • South Campus skylight structures, Art Center College of Design, Pasadena, California, United States • Tanaka Business School, London, United Kingdom • The Shed (Hudson Yards), Manhattan, New York, United States • Tropical Islands, Brandenburg, Germany • Barnsley Interchange, Barnsley, United Kingdom • The Mall Athens, Athens, Greece • Newport railway station, Newport, United Kingdom • The Elements, Livingston, United Kingdom • Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States • Arena Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil • Sandton City, Sandton, South Africa • Key West Shopping Centre, Krugersdorp, South Africa • Oceanus Casino, Macau, Special Administrative Region of China • Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates • ISS Building, Lancaster University • Empire City Casino, Yonkers, New York, United States • Institute of Technical Education, Singapore (2012) • The SSE Hydro, Glasgow, Scotland • Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center, California (12-13-14) • National Stadium, Singapore • Orto Botanico di Padova Biodiversity Garden roof, Padua, Italy • Guangzhou South Railway Station, China • Yujiapu Railway Station, China • [Persian Garden, Iran Mall, Tehran, Iran • Anoeta Stadium, San Sebastián, Spain • Ed Kaplan Family Institute for Innovation and Tech Entrepreneurship, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois • Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Atlanta, Georgia (2017) • US Embassy ETFE Facade, London, UK (2017) in Prague has an ETFE-made façade. • Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Prague, Czech Republic (2017) • Tron Lightcycle Power Run, Shanghai Disneyland, China (2017) • UQ Global Change Institute Living Building, Brisbane, Australia (2013) • Lakhta Center, Saint Petersburg, Russia (2019) • Haneda Airport Terminal 2, International Flight Facilities, Tokyo, Japan (2020) • Macquarie University Arts Precinct ETFE Roof, Sydney, Australia (2020) • Hayward Field, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon (2020) • Rhodes Central Commercial Development, Sydney, Australia (2021) • Mawasem Park – Green House, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (2022) • Air New Zealand Hangar 4, Auckland, New Zealand (2025) Under construction • Jungle Exhibit, Sedgwick County Zoo, Wichita, Kansas (2015), United States • Dockside Pavilion, Sydney, Australia (2014) • Baku Olympic Stadium, Baku, Azerbaijan (2015) • Australian Embassy, Jakarta, Indonesia (2014) • Wharf Retail, Bluewaters Island, Dubai, United_Arab_Emirates (2016) • Carlisle Railway Station, Carlisle, United Kingdom (2017) • Oxigeno, San Francisco, Heredia Province, Costa Rica • Jakarta International Stadium, Jakarta, Indonesia • Primark Birmingham, United Kingdom • Boston Logan Airport (terminal E), Boston, Massachusetts, United States (2021–2022) • Tron Lightcycle Power Run, Walt Disney World, United States (2022) • One New Zealand Stadium (Te Kaha), Christchurch, New Zealand • Macquarie Point Stadium, Hobart, Australia (2026) ==References==