FDR Drive

The East River Greenway runs below, beside, or above FDR Drive along nearly its entire length, except for a section between 41st and 53rd Streets. A plaque dedicating the East River Drive is visible on the southbound roadway before entering the Gracie Mansion tunnel at 90th Street. Downtown , which connects Manhattan and Brooklyn FDR Drive starts at the southern tip of Manhattan at South and Whitehall Streets in the Financial District. It rises from the underground Battery Park Underpass to an elevated viaduct above South Street, with an at-grade connection to South Street at exit 1. The elevated viaduct continues northeast, with an interchange at Brooklyn Bridge at exit 2. The elevated road, also known as the South Street Viaduct, continues until Gouverneur Slip, near the Manhattan Bridge interchange (exit 3), where there are a southbound exit and northbound entrance. From here, the road is at-grade, with a southbound exit/entrance at Grand Street, exit 4. By 18th Street, FDR Drive curves north onto an elevated viaduct above Avenue C. The elevated viaduct continues until 25th Street to serve the 23rd Street interchange at exit 7. This exit serves the neighborhood of Kips Bay. At 23rd Street, Avenue C continues as the northbound service road for FDR Drive, while the southbound lanes split from the main highway at 25th Street. At 48th Street, FDR Drive emerges from the United Nations tunnel. A northbound ramp from First Avenue merges onto the northbound roadway. The southbound roadway contains two exits: exit 10 at 49th Street, and exit 11 at 53rd Street. At 63rd Street, the southbound lanes descend to ground level, at the same elevation as the northbound lanes. while the section of roadway between 68th and 71st Streets runs underneath the pilotis of the NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital. Afterward, FDR Drive continues north at ground level. There is a southbound-only entrance and exit, labeled exit 13, at 71st–73rd Streets, serving Lenox Hill on the Upper East Side. Another southbound-only entrance exists at 79th Street; there is no exit from either direction, nor is there any exit number reserved for this interchange. There is a southbound entrance to FDR Drive at the intersection of 92nd Street and York Avenue. York Avenue then parallels FDR Drive until 96th Street, where York Avenue ends. FDR Drive ascends onto a short elevated viaduct over the 96th Street interchange (exit 14) then descends to street level again. The remaining portion of FDR Drive is at grade, passing through East Harlem. There is a southbound-only entrance at 102nd Street, as well as a southbound-only exit at 106th Street, labeled exit 15. At 116th Street, there is another southbound-only exit and entrance numbered exit 16. When FDR Drive reaches 120th Street, there is an interchange (exit 17) for the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, where it transitions into the Harlem River Drive and continues north after 125th Street. ==History==

20th century A shorefront parkway in Manhattan along the East River was first proposed by Manhattan Borough President Julius Miller in 1929. The parkway would extend from South Street to 54th Street. The first sections of the East River Drive were constructed in the 1930s and were designed by Robert Moses. Moses faced the difficulties of building a parkway/boulevard combination along the East River while minimizing disruptions to residents. Many property owners along the East River Drive, especially in Midtown, opposed the boulevard unless noise mitigation measures were added. The section from 125th Street and the Triborough Bridge ramp south to 92nd Street was completed in 1936. The sections from 92nd Street down to Battery Park (with the exception of a section from 42nd to 49th Streets, located underneath the headquarters of the United Nations) were built as a boulevard running at street level. Two more downtown sections, from 12th to 14th Streets and then from 14th to 18th Streets, were opened in 1939. A short connector from Grand to Montgomery Street was completed in May 1940, which meant that the boulevard was now continuous from Montgomery to 30th Streets. The next month, a large stretch from 49th to 92nd Streets opened. By this point, the only contiguous section that remained to be completed was the stretch between 30th and 49th Streets. The section of the East River Drive from 23rd to 34th Streets was completed in October 1941. Known as the Bristol Basin, this section was built on wartime rubble dumped by cargo ships returning from Bristol, England, during World War II. The German Luftwaffe bombed Bristol heavily. After delivering war supplies to the British, the ships' crews loaded rubble onto the ships for ballast, then sailed back to New York, where construction crews made use of it. On June 29, 1942, a plaque commemorating the use of rubble was dedicated by Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia, and is currently installed at the Waterside Plaza complex. The final part of the original boulevard, between 34th and 49th Streets, opened in May 1942. Construction of this segment required modifications to the elevators and underground carriers that transported coal and ash between barges docked in the East River and the Waterside Generating Station and Kips Bay Steam Plant. East River Drive was renamed as Franklin Delano Roosevelt East River Drive in June 1945, in honor of Franklin Delano Roosevelt; the road is commonly referred to simply as "FDR Drive". Only a few years after its oldest stretches opened, city officials began planning to upgrade the parkway into an expressway. At-grade intersections would be eliminated on certain portions, while others would be replaced by new concrete viaducts, and others would be capped as tunnels. The road would also be extended to meet the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel. A plan to build a three-level section from 81st to 89th Streets was released in April 1940, followed by an East River Drive overpass over 96th Street in June. Due to a bulkhead restriction, a section from 51st to 60th Streets was already being built with two decks. In 1948, construction was completed on a project that converted the section from 49th to 92nd Streets into a limited access highway. replacing another at-grade section. The Battery Park Underpass was completed in 1951, indirectly connecting to the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel. The South Street Viaduct, connecting the at-grade parkway north of Grand Street to the Battery Park Underpass and Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel at the southern tip of Manhattan, was completed in May 1954, replacing the at-grade segment. In 1965, plans were announced for direct ramps to the Brooklyn Bridge, this would eliminate congestion at its approach by relocating traffic onto the expressway. The ramp to the Brooklyn Bridge was opened in 1968, followed by the ramp onto the FDR Drive in 1969. In 1971, plans to reconstruct the portion of the South Street Viaduct between its southern end and exit 2 as an extension of the Battery Park Underpass were announced. This was meant to improve the quality of life experienced by those who live near the structure. A new exit 1, consisting of a diamond configuration onto Wall Street would be built, replacing the existing exit 1 onto Water Street. Primarily due to its expensive cost, this was never undertaken. This was part of a larger project to rebuild the portion of the South Street Viaduct between 42nd Street and 50th Street. This structure, which had deteriorated significantly in its later years, was known to be at significant risk of collapse. A replacement ramp at 49th Street opened in October 1998. In December 2002, work began to reconstruct the segment of roadway between East 54th Street and East 63rd Street. It was substantially completed in August 2007, and involved the construction of a temporary roadway in some areas. During Hurricane Sandy, the Battery Park Underpass was filled with seawater. The damage resulted in major repairs. In November 2015, a resurfacing was completed between 125th Street and the Brooklyn Bridge. In 2016, the Rockfeller Tunnel was extended. In 2019, the South Street viaduct was rehabilitated and repainted purple. In September 2023, plans were announced by Manhattan borough president Mark Levine to replace the South Street Viaduct with an urban boulevard. This would only occur if funding is obtained. As stated by Levine, it "is the least heavily used part of the FDR and it has created a noisy uglier barrier between the people of lower Manhattan and their waterfront". The structure has also deteriorated significantly, requiring more maintenance than is deemed acceptable. == Transportation ==

The express buses use FDR Drive between its start in Lower Manhattan and 23rd Street. In addition, the use FDR Drive between the Brooklyn Bridge exit and 34th Street The buses use the FDR between Brooklyn Bridge and 23rd Street during the off-peak hours, but during the peak hour, "Midtown Express" buses skip Downtown, running directly up the FDR to 23rd. ==Exit list==